Risk Alma Davranişinin Genetiği: Güncel Bilgiler, Zorluklar ve Geleceğe Yönelik Öneriler

Günlük kararlarımız, bir kişiden diğerine oldukça değişen ve süregelen risk değerlendirmelerimizi yansıtır. Risk-alma davranışındaki bireysel farklılıkların altında yatan mekanizmaları araştıran çalışmalar, kısmen farklı nörotransmitter sistemlerinin aktivasyonuyla ilişkili sinirsel ve fizyolojik yolaklardaki değişikliklerin önemini vurgulamaktadır. O nedenle, risk-alma davranışının genetik dayanaklarıyla ilgili araştırmaların öncelikli hedefi, bu sistemlerdeki genetik farklılıklar olmuştur. Bu derlemenin amacı, bu sistemlerdeki genetik farklılıklar ve ekonomik risk-alma davranışı ile ilgili güncel bilgilerimize genel bir bakış sunmaktır. Alandaki gelişimi göstermek için öncelikle farklı risk-alma ölçümleri kullanan aday gen ilişkilendirme çalışmalarının bulguları, sonrasında da genom boyu ilişkilendirme ve gen-çevre etkileşimi çalışmalarının bulguları incelenecektir. Son olarak, bu araştırmaların özellikleri ve sonuçları göz önünde bulundurularak, araştırmalardaki sınırlamalar ve zorluklar tartışılacak ve gelecek araştırmalar için öneriler sunulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

risk alma davranışı, finansal risk alma, davranışsal ekonomi, genoekonomi, genetik farklılıklar

Genetics of Risk-Taking Behavior: Current Knowledge, Challenges and Future Directions

Our daily decisions reflect continuous assessments of risk that highly varies from one individual to the other. Research on the underlying mechanisms of individual differences in risk-taking behavior emphasizes changes in neural and physiological pathways that is in part due to the activation of different neurotransmitter systems. Consequently, genetic variations in these systems were the primary target of studies investigating the genetic underpinnings of risk-taking behavior. The aim of this review is to give an overview of our current knowledge related to genetic variations in these systems and economic risk-taking behavior. We first examine candidate gene association studies, followed by genome-wide association and gene-environment interaction studies utilizing different measures of risk-taking to illustrate the progress in the field. Considering the characteristics and results of these studies, we then discuss the limitations and challenges in research with suggestions for future directions.

Keywords:

risk-taking behavior, financial risk-taking, behavioral economics, genoeconomics, genetic differences,

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