Kültürel Zekânın Kültürlerarası Liderlik Etkinliği Üzerindeki Rolü: Konaklama İşletmelerinde Nitel Bir Araştırma

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı kültürel zekânın kültürlerarası liderlik etkinliği üzerindeki rolünü belirlemektir. Araştırma verileri Istanbul bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren beş yıldızlı konaklama işletmelerinde görev yapan 6 yabancı genel müdür ve orta ve üst düzey yönetici pozisyonunda görev yapan 13 yerli Türk müdürlerden toplanmıştır. Bu araştırmada kültürel zekânın etkisini belirlemek amacıyla kültürel analiz kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma yabancı yöneticilerin kültürel zekâsının kültürlerarası liderlik etkinliğini olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Yönetim uygulamaları tartışılmış, gelecekte yapılacak olan araştırmalar ve kültürel zekâ teorisi hakkında tavsiyeler verilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kültürel zekâ, Kültürlerarası liderlik, Liderlik etkinliği, Türkiye

KÜLTÜREL ZEKÃNIN KÜLTÜRLERARASI LİDERLİK ETKİNLİĞİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ROLÜ: KONAKLAMA İŞLETMELERİNDE NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA/ THE ROLE OF CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE IN CROSS-CULTURAL LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVENESS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

The main purpose of this study is to examine the role of cultural intelligence in cross-cultural leadership effectiveness. Derived from information and insights gathered through a series of in-depth interviews with 6 Western expatriate managers and 13 local Turkish managers who represent top and middle-level executives working in a five star hotel operating in Istanbul region. In order to determine the impact of cultural intelligence, ethnographic analysis was used in this research. This study confirms that expatriate leaders’ CQ positively impacts their cross-cultural leadership effectiveness. Implications for cultural intelligence theory, future research directions and management practice are discussed

Keywords:

Cultural intelligence, Cross-cultural leadership, Leadership effectiveness, Turkey,

PDF

___

Ang Soon and Van Dyne Linn. Conceptualization of Cultural Intelligence: Definition, Distinctiveness, and Nomological Network. In Ang Soon and Van Dyne Linn. (Eds.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2008: (3–15).
Ang Soon, Van Dyne Linn, Koh Christine. K. S., Ng K. Yee, Templer Klaus. J., Tay Cherly and Chandrasekar N. Anand. “Cultural intelligence: Its Measurement and Effects on Cultural Judgment and Decision Making, Cultural Adaptation, and Task Performance.” Management and Organization Review 3 (2007): 335– 371.
Arora Pallvi and Rohmetra Neelu. “Cultural Intelligence: Leveraging Differences to Bridge the Gap in the International Hospitality Industry.” International Review of Business Research Papers 6, no. 5 (2010): 216-234.
Avery Gayle. C. Understanding leadership: Paradigms and cases. London: Sage, 2004.
Avolio Bruce. J., Walumbwa Fred. O. and Weber Todd. J. “Leadership: Current Theories, Research, and Future Directions.” Annual Review of Psychology 60, no. 1 (2009): 421.
Bibikova Anastasia and Kotelnikov Vadim. Cultural Intelligence & Modern Management (Ten 3 e-book). Retrieved http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/cultural_intelligence.html. March 10, 2013 from
Brislin Richard, Worthley Reginald and Macnab Brent. “Cultural Intelligence: Understanding Behaviors that Serve People's Goals.” Group and Organization Management 31 (2006): 40-55.
Chrobot-Mason Donna, Ruderman Marian N., Weber Todd J., Ohlott Patricia. J. and Dalton Maxine. A. “Illuminating a Cross-cultural Leadership Challenge: When Identity Groups Collide.” International Journal of Human Resource Management 18, no. 11 (2007): 2011-2036.
Creswell John W. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Traditions. London: Sage By Matt Haught, 1998.
Daft Richard L. and Lane Patricia G. The Leadership Experience. South-Western, Cincinnati, OH, 2005.
Deng Ling and Gibson Paul “A Qualitative Evaluation on the Role of Cultural Intelligence in Cross-Cultural Leadership Effectiveness.” International Journal of Leadership Studies 3, no. 2 (2008): 181-197.
Dickson Marcus W., Den Hartog Deanne N. and Mitchelson Jacqueline. K. “Research on Leadership in a Cross- Cultural Context: Making Progress and Raising New Questions.” Leadership Quarterly 14, no. 6 (2003): 729-768.
Du Plessis Yvonne. “Cultural Intelligence as Managerial Competence.” Alternation 18, no. 1 (2011): 28-46.
Earley P. Christopher and Mosakowski Elaine. Cultural intelligence. Harvard Business Review 2004: 139–146.
Early P. Christopher and Ang Soon. Cultural Intelligence across Cultures. CA: Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2003.
Ersoy Aslı. Kültürel Farklılıkların Yönetiminde Kültürel Zekânın Rolüne İlişkin Konaklama İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Antalya, 2014.
Fisher-Yoshida Beth and Geller Kathy “Developing Transnational Leaders: Five Paradoxes for Success.” Industrial & Commercial Training 40, no. 1 (2008): 42.
Hofstede Geert. Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1980.
Hofstede Geert. Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2001.
House Robert. J., Hanges Paul J., Javidan Mansour., Dorfman Peter W. and Gupta Vipin. (Eds.). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage, 2004.
Hughes Richard L., Ginnett Robert C. and Curphy Gordon J. Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2002.
Javidan Mansour and House Robert J. “Cultural Acumen for the Global Manager: Lessons from Project Globe.” Organizational Dynamics 29, no. 4 (2001): 289-305.
Kanfer Ruth and Heggestad Eric D. “Motivational Traits and Skills: A Person-Centered Approach to Work Motivation.” Research in Organizational Behavior 19 (1997): 1-56.
Kim You Jin and Van Dyne Linn “Cultural Intelligence and International Leadership Potential: The Importance of Contact for Members of the Majority.” Applied Psychology: An International Review 61 (2011): 272- 294.
Lee Li Yueh and Sukoco Badri Munir. “The Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Expatriate Performance: The Moderating Effects of International Experience.” The International Journal of Human Resource Management 21, no. 7 (2010): 963–981.
Mannor Michael J. Top Executives and Global Leadership at the Intersection of Cultural Intelligence and Strategic Leadership Theory. In Ang Soon and Van Dyne Linn. (Eds.) Handbook on Cultural Intelligence: Theory, measurement and applications armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2008.
Ng Kok Yee, Van Dyne Linn and Ang Soon. “Developing Global Leaders: The Role of International Experience and Cultural Intelligence.” Advances in Global Leadership 5(2009): 225-250.
Patton Michael. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1990.
Peterson Brooks. Cultural Intelligence: A Guide to Working with People from Other Cultures. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press, 2004.
Rockstuhl Thomas, Seiler Stefan, Van Dyne Linn and Annen Hubert..“Beyond General Intelligence (IQ) and Emotional Intelligence (EQ): The Role of Cultural Intelligence (CQ) on Cross-Border Leadership Effectiveness in a Globalized World.” Journal of Social Issue 67, no. 4 (2011): 825-840.
Schein Edgar H. Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 1997.
Şahin Faruk and Gürbüz Sait. “Kültürel Zekâ ve Öz-Yeterliliğin Görev Performansı ve Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerinde Etkisi: Çokuluslu Örgüt Üzerinde Bir Uygulama.” İş Güç Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi 14, no. 2 (2012): 123-140.
Templer Klaus J., Tay Cherly and Chandrasekar N. Anad. “Motivational Cultural Intelligence, Realistic Job Preview, Realistic Living Conditions Preview, and Cross-cultural Adjustment.” Group and Organization Management 31, no. 1 (2006): 154-173.
Thomas David C., Elron Efrat, Stahl Gunter, Ekelund Bjorn Z., Ravlin Elizabeth C., Cerdin Jean-Luc., Poelmans Steven, Brislin Richard, Pekerti Andre, Aycan Zeynep, Maznevski,Martha, Au Kevin and Lazarova Mila B. “Cultural intelligence: Domain and Assessment.” International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 8: (2008): 123–143.
Thomas David C. and Inkson Kerr. People Skills for Global Business. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2004.
Thomas David C. and Inkson Kerr. “People Skills for a Global Workplace.” Consulting to Management 16, no. 1 (2005): 5–10.
Trompenaars Fons. Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business. London: Brealey, 1993.
Trompenaars Fons and Hampden-Turner Charles. Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business (2nd ed.). London: Nicholas Brealey, 1997.
Tsai Ted and Lawrence Nadine. The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of international Students in Taiwan. International Conference on Management, Penang, Malaysia, 2011: 569-583.
Van Dyne Linn, Ang Soon and Koh Christine. Development and Validation of the CQS: The Cultural Intelligence Scale. In Ang Soon and Van Dyne Linn. (Eds.), Handbook on Cultural Intelligence: Theory, Measurement and Applications, Armonk, NY: M.E. 2008: 126–144.
Van Dyne Linn, Ang Soon, Ng Kok Yee, Rockstuhl Thomas, Tan Mei Ling and Koh Christine. “Sub- Dimensions of the Four Factor Model of Cultural Intelligence: Expanding the Conceptualization and Measurement of Cultural Intelligence.” Social and Personality Compass 6, no. 4 (2012): 295-313.
Van Dyne Linn, Ang Soon and Livermore David. Cultural Intelligence: A Pathway for Leading in a Rapidly Globalizing World. In Hannum Kelly M., McFeeters Belinda and Booysen Lize. (Eds.), Leadership across Differences 2010: 131-138.
Yıldırım Ali and Şimşek Hasan. Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi, 2006.
Yıldırım Kasım. Nitel Araştırmalarda Niteliği Arttırma. İlköğretim Online 9, no. 1 (2010): 79-92.
Yukl Gary A. Leadership in Organizations (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002.