RETHINKING THE 1999 TURKISH-GREEK RAPPROCHEMENT: THE LEADERSHIP, EARTHQUAKE AND CIVIL SOCIETY TRIAD

1999 yılı Yunanistan ve Türkiye arasındaki ilişkilerde çalkantılı yıllar sonrasında bir dönüm noktası olarak tanımlanabilir. 1999 yılı uzlaş- masından beridir Türk-Yunan ilişkileri olumlu değ işimler geçirmek- te olup, ikili ilişkiler önemli ölçüde gelişme göstermiştir. Türk-Yunan uzlaşması kritik ve çoklu aktörlerin dahil olduğ u, iç ve dış f aktörlerin etkisiyle şekillenmiş, karmaşık dış p olitika olaylarına bir örnektir. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı 1999 uzlaşmasının iç belirleyicilerini (etkenleri- ni) inceleyerek yazına katkı sağlamaktır. Bu nedenle çalışma aşağ ıdan- yukarıya odaklanma benimsemiş olup, iki ülke arasında eşzamanlı o- luşan hükümetler-arası ve toplumlar-arası diyaloğ u analiz etmektedir. Etkileşim içinde olan çeşitli iç f aktörler 1999 Türk-Yunan uzlaşmasının gerçekleşmesine, ikili ilişkilere yeni alg ılamalara yol açarak katkıda bu- lunmuştur. Çalışmada bu iç f aktörlerin iki ülkenin dış işleri bakanlarının (Papandreou-Cem) etkili liderlikleri, iki ülkede kısa aralıklarla gerçek- leşen dep remlerin (İzmit-Atina) ve iki ülke arasında gelişmekte olan si- vil toplum g irişimleri olduğ u öne sürülmektedir.

1999 TÜRK-YUNAN UZLAŞMASINI YENİDEN DÜŞÜNMEK: LİDERLİK, DEPREM VE Sİ VİL TOPLUM ÜÇLÜSÜ

The year of 1999 can be def ined as breakthrough in relations between Greece and Turkey af ter the tumultuous years. Since the 1999 rapp roche- ment, Turkish-Greek relations undergone a p ositive change that bilater- al relations have imp roved dramatically. Turkish-Greek rapp rochement is one of the complex f oreign p olicy case with critical multiple actors’ in- volvement and shap ed by the impact of internal and external elements. This research pap er aims to contribute to the literature by examining the domestic determinants of the 1999 rapp rochement. Theref ore, this pap er adop ts bottom up f ocus by analyzing the intergovernmental and societal level dialog ue that simultaneously occurred in both countries. I arg ue that several combined domestic f actors help ed the realization of the 1999 Turkish-Greek rapp rochement p rocess through bring ing about new p ercep tions of bilateral relations between Greece and Turkey. These domestic f actors are the leadership of f oreign ministers (Papandreou- Cem) in both countries, twin earthquakes that struck both countries (Izmit-Athens) and imp roving civil society eff orts in both countries.

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