KORUMA SORUMLULUĞU' NORMUNUN LİBYA VE SURİYE KRİZLERİ BAĞLAMINDA İŞLEVSELLİĞİ

Soğ uk Savaş sonrası insani gerekçelerle yap ılan uluslararası askeri mü- dahalelerin artması; devletlerin egemenlik haklarının sınırlarının ne olduğ u, hem vatandaşlarına hem de uluslararası topluma karşı birta- kım evrensel sorumlulukları olup olmadığ ı ve bu sorumlulukların neyi kapsadığ ı sorularını da beraberinde getirmiştir. 2001 yılında Kanada Hükümetinin inisiyatif iyle kurulan Müdahale ve Devlet Egemenliğ i U- luslararası Komisyonu (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignity, ICISS) taraf ından bu sorulara cevap olarak gelişti- rilen koruma sorumluluğ u (the resp onsibility to p rotect, R2P) doktrini- nin 2005 yılında Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Genel Kurulunda oybirliğ i ile kabul edilmesi, doktrinin normatif kabulünü göstermesi açısından anlamlıdır. Doktrinin op erasyonel boyutta işlevsellik kazanması, BM Güvenlik Konseyinin (BMGK) Libyaya yönelik benimsediğ i 1973 sayılı Karar ile olmuşsa da, insani mezalimin daha ağ ır boyutlarda yaşandı- ğ ı Suriyede benzer bir p olitikanın izlenmemesi; doktrinin etik bir norm olmaktan ziyade devletler taraf ından seçici olarak kullanılan bir araç olduğ u yönündeki eleştirileri arttırmıştır. Bu makale, üzerinde tartış- maların artarak sürdüğ ü R2P doktrinini gelişmekte olan bir uluslara- rası etik normu olarak ele alarak Libya ve Suriye krizlerindeki rolünü değerlendirecek ve Libyada R2Pnin koalisyon g üçleri taraf ından suisti- mal edildiğ i alg ısı R2Pyi kredibilite kaybına uğ ratmış olsa da, şüphecilerin aksine, normun uluslararası toplumda geçerliliğ ini koruduğ unu savunacaktır.

VIABILI TY OF THE NORM OF RESP ONSIBILI TY TO PROTECT WI THIN THE CON TEX T OF THE CRISES IN LIBYA AND SYRIA

In the p ost-Cold War era, the rise of international military interven- tions f or humanitarian ends has raised several imp ortant questions about the rights and resp onsibilities of sovereign states towards their citizens as well as towards international society as a whole. The doct- rine of Resp onsibility to Protect (R2P) was develop ed as a resp onse to these questions by the ICISS (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty) in 2001 and was later unanimously adop ted at the UN General Assembly meeting of 2005 and ratif ied by the UN Secu- rity Council in 2006. The doctrine was implemented op erationally f or the f irst time in Libya f ollowing UN Security Council Resolution 1973 (2011). The f ailure of international society to f ollow a similar p olicy in Syria, however, has g iven rise to criticism over the viability of the doct- rine. Taking the increasing controversy over the norms implementation into consideration, this article, considering R2P as an emerg ing interna- tional moral norm, arg ues that desp ite the loss of credibility of R2P due to the widesp read p ercep tion of its abuse by the coalition f orces in Libya, the norm sustains its viability within international society at large.

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