DETERMINATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR IN RETIREMENT

Emeklilik dönemi insan yaşamında orta yaştan yaşlılığa geçişi belirleyen, toplumsal açıdan önemli bir dönüm noktasıdır. Bu geçiş üretimsel olgunluktan işsizliğe geçişi sembolize etmektedir ve yaşlanmanın getirdiği bir takım sorunlar ile sosyal ve ekonomik bozulmalarla karakterize olmaktadır. Bu araştırma ile, emeklilerin finansal davranışlarına ilişkin belirleyicileri tespit etmek ve sorunlarına çözüm yolları bulmayı kolaylaştırmak emeklilik dönemindeki yaşam kalitesinin artırılması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma ile; emeklilerde sosyo-demografik faktörlerin (Yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim durumu, bakmakla yükümlü olunan kişi, çalışma durumu, sahip olunan çocuk sayısı, konut mülkiyeti, genel sağlık durumu, gelir durumu, gelir yeterliliği), yaşamdan duyulan tatminin, finansal tatminin ve finansal zorluğun emeklilerin finansal davranışlarını nasıl etkilediğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, Türkiye'de Ankara ilinin Çankaya ilçesine bağlı semtlerden basit rastgele yöntemi ile seçilen Cebeci, Kurtuluş ve Ayrancı semtlerindeki 45 yaş ve üzeri 490 yetişkin emekli bireyden yüz yüze toplanan anket verileriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamına alınan emeklilerin %61,0'i erkek, %39,0'u ise kadındır. Araştırmaya katılan emeklilerin %72'isi evli iken, %28,0'i ise bekardır. Emeklilerin eğitim durumlarına bakıldığında, büyük çoğunluğunun (%74,7) lise ve altı eğitim düzeyine sahip oldukları bulunmuştur. Finansal tatmin ve yaşamdan duyulan tatmin ile birlikte sosyo-demografik faktörlerin emeklilerde finansal davranışlar üzerindeki etkisini belirleyen toplam varyans %30 bulunmuştur. Emeklilerde finansal davranışı etkileyen en önemli faktör finansal tatmin (?=0,442) olurken, diğer faktörler ise sırasıyla cinsiyetin erkek olması (?=-0,174), medeni durumun bekar olması (?=-0,172), eğitim durumunun lisans ve üstü olması (?=0,122) ve konut mülkiyetinin ise emekliye ait olması (?=0,109) bulunmuştur (p

EMEKLİLERDE FİNANSAL DAVRANIŞI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİ

Retirement is an important milestone in terms of society, determining the transition from middle age to old age in human life. This transition symbolizes the transition from productive maturity to unemployment and is characterized by a number of problems of aging and social and economic distortions. With this research, it is important to identify factors of financial behavior of retired persons and to find solutions to their problems to increase the quality of life at retirement. With this study; it is aimed to determine how socio-demographic factors (age, gender, marital status, educational status, occupational status, working status, number of children, housing ownership, general health status, income status, income sufficiency), life satisfaction and financial satisfaction affect the financial behavior of the retired persons. The survey was conducted with a questionnaire collected in face-to-face interviews with 45-year-old and 490 adult retired individuals in Cebeci, Kurtuluş and Ayrancı districts selected by simple random method from the districts of Ankara province Çankaya district in Turkey. 61.0% of the retired persons surveyed are male and 39.0% are females. 72% of the pensions participating in the survey were married. When the education level is examined, it is found that the vast majority (74.7%) have high school and below education level. The total variance, which determines the effect of socio-demographic factors on financial behavior in pensions, together with financial satisfaction and life satisfaction, was found to be 30%. The most important factor affecting financial behavior in retirement is financial satisfaction (β = 0.442) while other factors are gender (β = -0,174), marital status is single (β = -0,172) 0,122) and housing property belonged to retirement (β = 0,109) (p

PDF

___

Acar, İ. A. & Kitapçı, İ. (2008). Sosyal Güvenliğin Demografik Boyutu: Türkiye’deki Emeklilik Sistemindeki Değişim. Maliye Dergisi, 154, 77-98.
Aktan, C.C. & Vural, İ.Y. (2002), “Yoksulluk: Terminoloji, Temel Kavramlar ve Ölçüm Yöntemleri”, Yoksullukla Mücadele Stratejileri, Aktan, Coşkun Can (ed), Hak-İş Konfederasyonu Yayınları, Ankara.
Alkaya, A., & Yağlı, İ. (2015). Finansal Okuryazarlık-Finansal Bilgi, Davranış ve Tutum: Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi İİBF Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Journal of International Social Research, 8(40).
Anderson, S. G., Zhan, M., & Scott, J. (2004). Targeting financial management training at low-income audiences. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 38(1), 167–177.
Barrientos, A., Gorma, M., & Heslop, A. (2003). Old age poverty in developing countries: Contributions and dependence in later life. World Development, 31, 555-570.
Bersales, L. & Mapa D. (2006). Patterns and Determinants of Household Saving in the Philippines, USAID/Philippines OECD.
Beutler, S., & Mason, M. (1987). Family cash flow budgeting. Home Economics Research Journal, 16, 3-12.
Burgess, K. (2003, August 30). FSA to Tackle Financial Literacy, FT Money, 26.
Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. Russell Sage Foundation.
Chou, K.-L., Chow, N. W. S., & Chi, I. (2006) Economic status of the elderly in Hong Kong: Homogeneous or heterogeneous? International Social Work, 49(2), 218–232.
Danes, S. M., & Haberman, H. (2007). Teen financial knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavior: A gendered view. Davis, E. P., & Carr, R. A. (1992). Budgeting practices over the life cycle. Financial Counseling and Planning, 3, 3- 16.
Demizer, C., Wolf, C. & Ying Y. (2000), Households’ saving in transition economies, Policy Research Working Paper,http://www.wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/04/24/000094946_ 00040605325052/Rendered/ PDF/multi_page.pdf
DeVaney, S. A. (2008). Financial Issues of Older Adults. In J.J. Xiao (Ed.), Handbook of Consumer Finance Research. Springer.
DeVaney, S. A., & Lytton, R. H. (1995). Household insolvency: A review of household debt repayment, delinquency, and bankruptcy. Financial Services Review, 4(2), 137-156.
Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49(1), 71-75.Grace, H. S., & Haupert, J. E. (2003). Financial Literacy. CPA Journal, June, 8.
Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. 2009 London.
Funfgeld, B. & Wang M.(2008). Attitudes and behaviour in everyday finance: evidence from Switzerland. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27 (2), 108-128.
Garcia, M., Barros C.,& Silvestre A. (2011). Saving behavior: Evidence from Portugal, International Review of Applied Economics, 25(2), 225-238
Grable, J. E., & Joo, S. H. (1999). Financial help-seeking behavior: Theory and implications. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 10(1), 14.
Godwin, D. D. (1994). Antecedents and consequences of newlyweds’ cash flow management. Financial Counseling and Planning, 5, 161-190.
Guariglia, A. (2001). Saving behavior and earnings uncertainty: Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey, J Popul Econ, 14, 619-634.
Harris, M., Loundes J. & Webster E. (1999) Determinants of household saving in Australia, Melbourne Institute Working Paper, No: 22/99, http://melbourneinstitute.com/wp/wp_pre2005/wp99n22.pdf.
Hilgert, M. A., & Hogarth, J. M. (2003). Household Financial Management: The Connection between Knowledge and Behavior. Federal Reserve Bulletin, 319-322.
Hira, T. K., Fanslow, A. M. &Vogelsang, R. (1992).Determinants of satisfaction with preparation for financial emergencies. Financial Counseling and Planning, 3, 43-62.
Hira, T. K., & Mugenda, O. M. (1998). Predictors of financial satisfaction: Differences between retirees and nonretirees. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 9(2), 75.
Hira, T.K. & Mugenda, O., (2000). Gender differences in financial perceptions, behaviors and satisfaction. Journal of Financial Planning, 13(2), 86-92.
Hira, T. K., & Loibl, C. (2005). Understanding the impact of employer‐provided financial education on workplace satisfaction. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39(1), 173-194.
Jariah, M.; Husna, S.; Tengku Aizan, T. A. H.; Ibrahim, Rahimah, (2012) Financial Practices and Problems amongst Elderly in Malaysia, Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 20 (4): 1065 - 1084
Jackson, B. (2003). ABA Immigrant – Market Tips. American Banker, 168(89), 1-2.
Joo, S. H., & Grable, J. E. (2004). An exploratory framework of the determinants of financial satisfaction. Journal of family and economic Issues, 25(1), 25-50.
Kim, J. K. (2003). Home-Schooling Helps Students Manage their Money in College. The Wall Street Journal, 20 August p. 1
Kostakis, I. (2012). Households’ Saving Behavior in Greece Corresponding Countermeasures in Financial Crisis. International Journal of Economic Practices & Theories, 2 (4), 253-265.
Kumar, S. V. (2003). Economic Security for the Elderly in India. Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 15(2), 45-65.
Lamb, E. C. (2002). The Financial Literacy Boom. Community Banker, 11(5), 26-31.
Lee, W. K. M. (1999). Economic and Social Implications of Aging in Singapore. Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 10(4), 73- 92.
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2006). Financial Literacy and Planning: Implications for Retirement Wellbeing. MRRC Working Paper, 2006-144.
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2007a). Baby Boomer Retirement Security: The Role of Planning, Financial Literacy, and Housing Wealth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 54, 205-224.
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2007b, January). Financial Literacy and Retirement Preparedness: Evidence and Implications for Financial Education. Business Economics, p. 35-44.
Lusardi, Annamaria & Mitchell, Olivia S. (2011). "Financial literacy and retirement planning in the United States," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(04), pages 509- 525, October.
Benjamin E. Fagan, & Shawn Brayman. (2011) "Financial planning literature survey." Journal of Personal Finance, 10 (1), 109.
Miller, M., Godfrey, N., Levesque, B., & Stark, E. (2009). The Case for Financial Literacy in Developing Countries. Promoting Access to Finance by Empowering Consumers. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank.
Moven, J. C. 1987. Consumer Behaviour. Mac Millian Pub.Comp. New York.
Newman, C., Tarp F., Broeck D., Quang T. & Khai D. (2008) Household Saving in Vietnam: Insights from a 2006 rural household survey, Vietnam Economic Management Review, 34, 1-8.
Noone, J. H., Stephens, C., & Alpass, F. M. (2009) Pre-retirement Planning and Well-Being in Later Life: A Prospective Study. Research on Aging Volume, 31(3), 295-317. Sage Publications.
Parrota, J.L. & Johnson, P.J. (1998). The Impact of Financial Attitudes & Knowledge on Financial Management & Satisfaction of recently married individuals. Association for Financial Counseling& Planning Education, 59-75.
Perry, V. G., & Morris, M. D. (2005). Who Is in Control? The Role of Self-Perception, Knowledge, and Income in Explaining Consumer Financial Behavior. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39(2), 299–313.
Rehman, H., Bashir F. & Faridi M. (2011). Saving Behavior among Different Income Groups in Pakistan: A Micro Study, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(10), 268-277.
Smith, B., & Stewart, F. (2008). Learning from the Experience of OECD Countries: Lessons for Policy, Programs and Evaluations. In Lusardi, A. (Ed.), Overcoming the Saving Slump: How to Increase the Effectiveness of Financial Education and Saving Programs (pp. 345 – 367). University of Chicago Press.
Suwanrada, W. (2009). Poverty and Financial Security of the Elderly in Thailand. Ageing International, 33, 50– 61.
T.C. Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu, (SGK). İnternet Erişim Tarihi (10.04.2016) http://www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/sgk/tr/emekli/emeklilik_kavrami/emeklilik
T.C. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, (TÜİK). İnternet Erişim Tarihi (10.04.2016) http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=kategorist
Titus, P. M., Fanslow, A. M. & Hira, T. K. (1989). Net worth and financial satisfaction as a function of household money managers’ competencies. Home Economics Research Journal, 17, 309-317.
Tossaint-Comeau, M. (2003). Changing Hispanic Demographics: Opportunities and Constraints in the Financial Market, Chicago Fed Letters.
Vanessa P.G. & Marlene M. D. (2005). Who is in control? The role of self-perception, knowledge, and income in explaining consumer financial behaviour. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39 (2), 299-313. Xiao J. J. (2008). Handbook of Consumer Finance Research. Springer.