Özlem KARADENİZ ALVER, Berk AYVAZ, Bülent ÇATAY

ATIK ELEKTRĠKLĠ VE ELEKTRONĠK EġYALAR ĠÇĠN ÇOK AMAÇLI BĠR TERSĠNE LOJĠSTĠK AĞ TASARIMI: ĠSTANBUL UYGULAMASI

Bu çalışmada, Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı Atık Elektrikli ve Elektronik Eşyalar (AEEE) Kontrolü Yönetmeliği’ne göre İstanbul ilinde toplanması gereken AEEE için çok amaçlı karma tamsayılı programlama modeli oluşturulmuştur. Model, sürdürülebilirlik kavramının üç temel hedefinden (ekonomik, çevresel ve sosyal) yola çıkarak, sorumlu paydaşların yönetmelikte tanımlanan yükümlülükleri dikkate alınarak tasarlanmıştır. Fakat yönetmeliğe rağmen yasa dışı olarak AEEE toplayan ve ayrıştıran hurdacılar mevcuttur. Bu tip atıklar insan sağlığına oldukça zararlı olabildiğinden, gerekli ekipmanları olmayan hurdacılar için risk oluşturmaktadır. Buradan yola çıkarak, AEEE toplayan hurdacıların ve hurda depolarının, devlet teşviki ile yasal atık sistemine dâhil edilerek sağlıklarının güvence altına alınması ve sosyal statülerinin arttırılması sosyal amaç olarak seçilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, modelin sosyal faydayı hedefleyen amacı istihdamı enbüyüklemektir. Modelin diğer amaçları, tersine lojistik operasyonlarının çevreye yarattığı olumsuz etkileri enküçüklemek ve AEEE işleme ve geri kazanım sisteminin toplam kârını enbüyüklemektir. Farklı atık toplama yüzdeleri ve devlet teşviki miktarları için senaryolar oluşturulmuştur. Önerilen model CPLEX eniyileme çözücüsü kullanılarak epsilon kısıt yöntemi ile çözülmüş ve açılacak atık işleme tesislerine ve teşvik verilerek AEEE geri kazanım sistemine dâhil edilecek hurda depolarına karar verilmiştir.

A Multi-Objective Reverse Logistics Network Design for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: The Case of Istanbul

In this study, we propose a multi-objective mixed-integer programming model for the collection of Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in Istanbul, by following the requirement set by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization WEEE Directive. The model considers three aspects of sustainability, namely economic, environmental and social. Although the responsibilities of related authorities explicitly defined in the directive, illegal WEEE collectors still operate in the collection system. These illegal collectors do not utilize proper equipment and provide necessary conditions for the treatment of WEEE, which may cause significant health-related and life-threatening issues. By taking this situation into account, we adopt the official employment of illegal WEEE scrap dealers and inclusion of their junk yards into legal waste stream as the social objective of the model. In other words, maximizing the employment is one of the objectives. The remaining two objectives deal with minimizing the adverse environmental effect of reverse logistics activities and maximizing the overall profit of WEEE treatment and recovery network. The proposed model is solved using CPLEX solver by utilizing the epsilon-constraint method. We consider various scenarios with respect to WEEE

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