BAL ARISI ZEHRİNİN KOMPOZİSYONUNU VE ÜRETİM MİKTARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER

Bal arısı zehri (BAZ) diğer adı ile apitoksin, bal arısı (Apis mellifera L.)’nın koloni savunmasında kullanmak üzere ürettiği protein ve peptid ağırlıklı bir dış salgı ürünüdür. Apitoksin zengin kimyasal içeriği nedeniyle kozmetik ve sağlık alanında özellikle apiterapide oldukça yaygın kullanıma sahiptir. Apiterapide amaçlanan başarının elde edilmesi kullanılan ürünlerin nitelik ve niceliğiyle doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu sebeple apiterapi amaçlı kullanım söz konusu olduğunda ham madde üretiminden son ürüne kadarki sürecin kontrollü ve kalite standartlarına uygun yapılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye’de bal arısı zehrinin ticari üretimi son günlerde gündeme gelen bir konudur. Bu nedenle gerek zehir üretim miktarı gerekse zehrin içerik bakımından kalitesini etkileyen faktörler konusunda tartışmalar mevcuttur. Bu derlemede bal arısı zehrinin içeriğini ve üretim miktarını etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek için yapılan önceki çalışmalar taranarak bu tartışmalara çözüm önerileri oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmalarda bal arısı zehrinin üretiminde kullanılan cihazların, zehir toplama cihazının kovandaki konumunun, hasat periyodu ve hasat saatinin, mevsimsel değişimin, bal arısı ırkı ve davranışlarının, arı yaşının ve depolama koşullarının zehir miktar ve kalitesi üzerine etkisi ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca zehir toplamanın koloni performansı ve davranışı üzerine etkisi de araştırılarak detaylı bilgi verilmeye çalışılmıştır.Anahtar Kelime: Apitoksin, bal arısı zehri, doğru üretim, teknik, kalite,

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Apitoksin, bal arısı zehri, doğru üretim, teknik, kalite

Factors Affecting the Composition and Production Amount of Honey Bee Venom

Honey bee venom (BAZ), also known as apitoxin, is a protein and peptide-rich external secretion produced by the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) for use in colony defense. Due to its rich chemical content, apitoxin has widespread use in cosmetics and health, especially in apitherapy. Achieving the intended success in apitherapy is directly related to the quality and quantity of the products used. For this reason, when it uses for apitherapy treat, it is crucial that the process from raw material production to the end product is controlled and in accordance with quality standards. The honey bee venom production is a newly emerged product for commercial production in Turkey. For this reason, there are debates about the factors affecting the quality of the venom in terms of both the amount of production and the composition of the venom. In this review, it is aimed to create solutions to these discussions by searching the previous studies conducted to determine the content of honey bee venom and the factors affecting the production amount. In the studies, the effects of the devices used in the production of honey bee venom, the site of the venom collection device in the hive, the collection period and collection time, seasonal change, honey bee race and behavior, bee age, and storage conditions on the amount and quality of the venom were discussed in detail. In addition, detailed information was aimed to be given by investigating the effect of venom collection on colony performance and behavior.

Keywords:

Apitoxin, honey bee venom, good production, technique, quality,

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