Mülteci Deneyimi ve Kültürel Etkileşim: Türkiye’de Suriyeli Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de bir devlet üniversitesinde eğitim gören Suriyeli göçmen öğrencilerin kültürel etkileşim süreçlerini etkileyen belirli faktörleri ele almaktadır. Berry (1997)'ın kültürleşme teorisini derinlemesine analiz ederken, mülteci üniversite öğrencileri arasındaki kültürel farklılıkların ve benzerliklerin kültürleşme üzerindeki etkisini, on beş bireysel mülakat temelinde ele alıyor. Literatürdeki boşluğu göz önüne alarak, bu araştırmanın amacı, Suriyeli üniversiteli mülteci öğrencilerin dil becerilerini nasıl elde ettiklerini, etnik ve kültürel farklılıkların üstesinden gelip gelmediklerini ve eğitim hedeflerini geleceğe yönelik olarak nasıl geliştirdiklerini inceleyerek Türk toplumuna uyum ve entegrasyonlarını anlamaya yönelik bir nitel çalışmadır. Dil engeli, kültürel etkileşime en büyük engel olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır fakat tüm çalışmada yer alan öğrenciler için, dil açısından çabuk uyum sağlama ve Suriye ile Türkiye arasındaki yakın kültürel mesafe, çoğunluk kültürünü oluşturan Türk halkı ile etkileşim ve iletişim kurma olanaklarını artırmaktadır. Yine, etnik farklılıklar kültürel etkileşime karşı tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Yaklaşık olarak tüm katılımcılar, Suriyeli Türkmenler de dahil olmak üzere, kendilerini tanımlarken, Suriye ile ilişkilendirmektedirler. Ancak, yerel halk ile ilişkilendirinde ise, Türk ve Suriyeli kimliği yerine, daha kapsayıcı kimliklere, örneğin ümmet bilincine sığınarak çoğunluğu oluşturan ev sahibi toplumun bireyleriyle karşılıklı anlayış ve dayanışmayı geliştirmeyi hedeflemektedirler. Son olarak, Suriyeli üniversite öğrencileri Türkiye'deki öğrenim hayatlarını geçici süreli öğrenci olarak değerlendirmekte ve belli bir süre sonra Suriye'ye geri dönme konusunda sabit fikirlere sahiptirler.

Asylum-Seekers Experience and Acculturation:A Study of Syrian-University Students in Turkey

This study explores specific factors that impact the acculturation process among Syrian immigrants at a Turkish University. While providing deeper analysis of Berry (1997)’s acculturation theory, the paper addresses the impact of linguistic, ethnic, and cultural differences and similarities on acculturation among refugee university students based on fifteen individual interviews. Given the gap in the literature, the aim of this qualitative research is to understand how Syrian-university refugee students adapt and integrate by examining how they obtain linguistic skills, cope with ethnic and cultural differences and develop their educational objectives in relation to future goals. Language barrier is noted as the biggest obstacle against acculturation but for all participants, the linguistic acculturation and short cultural distance contribute to the acculturation process by increasing the ability to interact and communicate with the members of majority culture. Next, ethnic difference poses threat against acculturation but nearly all participants, including Syrian Turkmen, appeal to broader statuses, rather than Turkish per se, for example the ummah consciousness, to create mutual understanding and solidarity between themselves and the majority group. Finally, Syrian university students consider their experiences in Turkey as sojourning and hold firm intentions to return to home country after a period of time.  

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