Lübnan Hükümeti ve Lübnan Toplumu Perspektifinden Lübnan’daki Suriyeliler

Suriye’de sürdürülebilir kalıcı bir uzlaşıya kısa vadede ulaşılabileceğine dair somut işaretler görülmezken mevcut kriz, Suriye’nin komşularını farklı yönleriyle derinden etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Bu minvalde Suriye İç Savaşı’nın hem bölge hem uluslararası düzeyde en önemli sonuçlarından biri mülteci krizidir. Coğrafi yakınlığı ve Suriye ile derin sosyo-tarihsel ilişkileri nedeniyle Lübnan, bu konuda Türkiye’den sonra en büyük yüklerden birini üstlenmiş olup dünya genelinde kişi başına en yüksek mülteci yoğunluğuna sahip ülke haline gelmiştir. Bu makale, Lübnan’daki Suriyeli mültecilerin mevcut durumunu, Lübnan’ın buna yönelik geliştirdiği siyaseti ve Lübnan’ın kendine özgü siyasi sistemi bağlamında ülkedeki Suriyelilerin varlığının toplumsal ve siyasi sonuçlarını incelemektedir. Bu makale, Lübnan’ın kendisine ait iç açmazlarıyla birlikte Suriye İç Savaşı’nın hâlihazırdaki Lübnan iç siyaseti ve ekonomisinde birtakım yeni gerginliklerin oluşmasına sebep olduğunu ortaya koymakta ve Lübnan’daki mezhebi toplulukların belirli kotalar çerçevesinde siyasi ve idari yapıda temsiline dayalı konfesyonel sistem nedeniyle Suriyeli mülteciler konusunun, Lübnan için diğer komşu ülkelerden daha farklı, münferit ve derin bir mesele haline geldiğini savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Suriye İç Savaşı, Lübnan, Mülteci, Suriye, Konfesyonel Sistem

Syrians in Lebanon from the Perspective of Lebanese Government and Lebanese Society

The war in Syria does not show any concrete sign of reaching to a permanent and sustainable reconciliation in the short term. It effects neighboring countries deeply from different aspects. Among others, at both regional and international level, the refugee crisis is one of the most challenging consequences of the Syrian Civil War. In this respect, Lebanon has taken one of largest burden due to its geographic proximity and intensive socio-historical relations with Syria. It became the highest concentration of refugees per capita worldwide. This paper analyzes the current situation of Syrian refugees in Lebanon, Lebanon’s response to this issue, and the social and political consequences of the presence of Syrians in the country within the context of its peculiar confessional system. To sum up, it argues that the wider effects of the Syrian Civil War have accumulated several tensions in the current Lebanese politics and economy together with Lebanese internal impasses. Additionally, the refugee crisis with its sectarian dimension emerged as a unique challenge to be faced with by Lebanon compared to other neighboring.

Keywords:

Syrian Civil War, Lebanon, Refugee, Confessional System,

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