Körfez’de Suudi Arabistan-İran İşbirliği Üzerinden ABD’nin Güvenlik Politikası: “Çifte Sütun” Politikası

İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra Ortadoğu’da uzun süre varolan İngiltere’nin etkisi bölgede azalmaya başlamıştı. İngiliz hükümeti, özellikle ekonomik kriz gibi bazı nedenlerden dolayı 1960'ların sonlarına doğru Basra Körfezi'nden çekilme kararı aldı. Kimilerine göre vicdani bir süreçin sonucu olan bu çekilme, Körfez’de ciddi bir güç boşluğunu da beraberinde getirmiş oldu. Körfez’e inmeyi planlayan Sovyetler Birliği’nin bu boşluğu dolduracağından endişe-lenen ABD yönetimi, Körfez’de iki önemli güç olan İran ve Suudi Arabistan’ı Sovyet ve Komünist tehditine karşı işbirliğine teşvik etti. Bu işbirliği ve güvenlik politikası bölgede “Çifte Sütun” politikası adı altında uygulamaya kondu. Başkan Nixon döneminde uygu-lamaya konulan bu güvenlik politikası, Nixon Doktrininin bir parçası olarak bölge ülkelerine silah satmak yoluyla güvenliklerini sağlamayı amaçlıyordu. “Çifte Sütun” politikası Başkan Ford ve Başkan Carter döneminde de devam ettirilmiş, fakat İran İslam Devrimi ile son bulmuştur. Bu çalışmada “Çifte Sütun” politikasına giden süreç, Başkan Nixon’un dış politika algısı ve “Çifte Sütun” politikasının uygulanması ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca bu politikanın güçlü aktörü olan İran’ın Körfez güvenliğinde oynadığı rol, “Çifte Sütun” politikasında yaşanan kırılmalar, Başkan Ford ve Başkan Carter döneminde bu politikanın işleyişi ve silah satışları da incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Körfez Güvenliği, İran, Suudi Arabistan, Çifte Sütun Politikası, ABD, Silah Satışı

The USA Security Policy in the Gulf Based on Saudi Arabia-Iran Cooperation: The “Twin Pillars” Policy

It seems that Britain, which has long been effective in the Middle East, started to gradually withdraw from the region after the Second World War. The British Government took decision to leave the Persian Gulf in the end of the 1960s, due to some reasons, especially economic crisis. According to some, this withdrawal, which is the result of a conscientious process, brings with it a serious power vacuum in the Gulf. Concerned that the Soviet Union, which planned to be effective in the Gulf, would fill this void, the United States administration encouraged the two major powers of the Gulf, Iran and Saudi Arabia, to cooperate against Soviet Communist threat. This cooperation and security policy has been implemented in the region under the name of the "Twin Pillars" policy.This security policy, which was put into effect during President Nixon's era, aimed to provide security of the regional countries by selling weapons to these countries. The "Twin Pillars" policy was maintained during the American Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter.This study aims to discuss the process leading to the "Twin Pillars" policy, the changing perception of President Nixon's foreign policy towards the Gulf region and finally the policy of the "Twin Pillars" policy. In addition, the role of Iran in the Gulf security which constitutes a significant part of this policy, the breakdowns in the “Twin Pillars” policy , how this policy works during the period of President Ford and President Carter, and the process of arms deployment to the region will be examined.

Keywords:

The Persian Gulf Security, Iran, Saudi Arabia, The “Twin Pillars” Policy, The USA, Sale of Weapons,

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