İç Göçün Bölgesel Eşitsizlik Üzerindeki Rolü: Türkiye Örneği

Toplumsal, siyasal veya ekonomik nedenlerle bireylerin aynı ülke sınırları içerisinde yaşadıkları yerleşim yerlerini bırakarak başka bir yerleşim yerine gitmelerini ifade eden iç göçler, sonuçları itibari ile hem göç alan bölgeleri hem de göç veren bölgeleri etkilemektedir. Zamana ve mekana bağlı olarak bölgesel farklılaşmaları beraberinde getiren iç göçler, nüfusun yeniden dağılımıyla bölgesel bazda sosyal ve iktisadi farklılaşmalara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de iç göçlerin bölgesel eşitsizlik üzerindeki etkisinin analiz edilmesidir. Bu kapsamda iç göç hareketlerinin eşitsizlik üzerindeki etkisi panel veri ekonometrisi ile analiz edilecektir. Göç istatistikleri için 2008-2015 yılları arasında düzey 1 bazında göç verilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları şu şekildedir: Verilen iç göçler bölgesel eşitsizliği artırmakta, alınan iç göçler ise bölgesel eşitsizliği azaltmaktadır.

The Role of Internal Migration on Regional Inequality: Turkey Example

Internal migration,  where individuals  leave where they live and move to another residential area within the same country due to the social, political or economic reasons, affect the both the migration-receiving and emigrating regions. Internal migration that accompany  regional differentiations depending on time and space, gave rise to social and economic differentiations on a regional basis with the redistribution of the population. The aim of this  study is to analyze the effect of internal migration on  regional inequality in Turkey.. In this context the effect of internal migration on  regional inequality will be analyzed with panel data econometrics. Level 1 based migration data concerning the years of 2008-2015 was  used for the migration statistics. The findings of the study are as follows; Internal emigrationincreases  regional inequality, whereas receiving internal migration decreases the regional inequality.

___

  • Ackah, C., & Medvedev, D. (2012). Internal migration in Ghana: Determinants and welfare impacts. International Journal of Social Economics, (39) 10, 764-784. Acosta, P., Fajnzylber, P., & Lopez, H. (2007). The impact of remittances on poverty and human capital: Evidence from Latin American household surveys. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4247 Adams, J. (1991). The effects of international remittances on poverty. Inequality and development in rural Egypt, Research Report 86. Adams, J. (2004). Remittances and poverty in Guatemala. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3418 Adams, J. (2006). Remittances and Poverty in Ghana. World Bank Policy Working Research Paper 3838. Adams, J., Cuecuecha, A., & Page, J. (2008). The impact of remittances on poverty and inequality in Ghana. World Bank Policy Working Research Paper 4732. ADAMS, R. H. (1996). Remittances, inequality and asset accumulation: The case of rural Pakistan. In D. O’Connor and L. Farsakh, Development Strategy, Employment, and Migration: Country Experiences, OECD. De Hass, H. (2009). Mobility and human development. New York: United Nations Development Programme. Devkota, J. (2014). Impact of migrants’ remittances on poverty and inequality in Nepal. Forum of International Development Studies, 44, 36-53. Du, Y., Park, A.,& Wang, S. (2005). Migration and rural poverty in China. Journal of Comparative Economics, 33 (4), 688-709. Easterlin, R. (1961). Regional income trends, 1840–1950. In S. Harris (Ed.), American Economic History (pp. 525-547). New York: McGraw-Hill. Ebeke, C. H., & Le Goff, M. (2011). Why Migrants' Remittances Reduce Income Inequality in some Countries and not in Others?. Working paper, 1-41. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00554277/document Emirhana, P. N. (2015). Göreli yoksunluk ve bölgeler arası göçler: Türkiye örneği. Business & Economics Research Journal, 6(2), 79-89. EUROSTAT (2016). http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat Filiztekin, A. (2008). Türkiye'de bölgesel farklar ve politikalar. İstanbul: Türk Sanayicileri ve İşadamları Derneği Yayını No: 471. Guest, P. (1998). Assessing the consequences of internal migration: Methodological ıssues and a case study on Thailand based on longitudinal survey data. Migration, Urbanization and Development: New Directions and Issues, UNFPA, New York. Gupta, S., Pattillo, A., & Wagh, S. (2009). Effect of remittances on poverty and financial development in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 37(1): 104―115. Kuznets, Simon. (1955). Economic growth and income inequality. American Economic Review, 45(1): 1–28. Lall, S. V., Selod, H., & Shalizi, Z. (2006). Rural-urban migration in developing countries: A survey of theoretical predictions and empirical findings. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 3915. Lipton, M. (1980). Migration from rural areas of poor countries: The impact on rural productivity and income distribution. World development, 8(1), 1-24. Lokshin, M., Bontch-O, M., & Glinskaya, E. (2007). Work-Related migration and poverty reduction in Nepa. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4231. McKenzie, D., & Rapoport, H. (2007). Network effects and the dynamics of migration and inequality: Theory and evidence from Mexico. Journal of Development Economics, 84(1), 1-24 Myrdal, G. (1957). Economic Theory and Under-developed Regions. London: Duckworth. Nguyen, L. Duc, Raabe, K., & Grote, U. (2013). Rural–Urban migration, household vulnerability, and welfare in Vietnam. World Development, 71, 79-93. Oberai, A. S., & Singh, H.K. (1981). Migration, unemployment and the urban labour market: a case study of Ludhiana in the Indian Punjab. World Employment Programme Research Working Paper 215486.