Segah Tekin

10829

19. Yüzyıldan Suriye İç Savaşına: Suriyeliler için Göç Destinasyonu Olarak Güney Amerika ve Brezilya Örneği

Suriye’deki iç savaşın başladığı 2011 yılından bu yana pek çok Güney Amerika ülkesi, iltica etmek isteyen Suriyelilere açık kapı politikası uygulayacaklarını ilan etmişlerdir. Her ne kadar Güney Amerika’ya ulaşabilen kişi sayısı az olsa da Güney Amerika ülkelerinin bu tutumu siyasal, sosyal ve tarihsel nedenlerle uluslararası alanda dikkat çekmiştir. Bu açıdan Doğu Akdeniz’den Güney Amerika’ya 19. yüzyılda yaşanan göç hareketinin ana destinasyonu olan Brezilya, özel bir konuma sahiptir. Brezilya, halihazırda sayıları dört milyona ulaşan kalabalık bir Suriyeli diaspora nüfusuna ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Ülke, iç savaşın başlangıcından bu yana resmi verilere göre 2,298 Suriye vatandaşına iltica hakkı tanımıştır ve başvuru işlemleri süren daha fazla sayıdaki Suriyeliye ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Günümüzde Brezilya, Güney Amerika’da en fazla sayıda Suriyeli mülteciye ev sahipliği yapan ülkedir. Bu çalışma, Güney Amerika ülkelerinin yakın geçmişte uygulamaya başladıkları açık kapı politikasının ortaya çıkışındaki nedenleri, bölgedeki Suriyeli mültecilerin hali hazırdaki durumunu ve politika yapımı düzeyinde ve mültecilere yönelik politikaların uygulaması sürecinde karşılaşılan zorlukları Brezilya’daki gelişmelere özel atıfla incelemektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Suriye, Brezilya, Güney Amerika, göç, mülteci

From 19th Century to Syrian Civil War: South America as a Syrian Migration Destination and the Case of Brazil

Since the beginning of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, many South American countries have declared open door policies for the Syrians seeking refuge. Although the number of people who have reached South America is quite low, the attitude of South American countries has gained special international attention due to political, social and historical reasons. In this respect, Brazil has a special status as the main destination of immigration from the Levant to South America since the 19th century. Brazil is already the home of a large Syrian diaspora. The country has accepted 2,298 Syrian refugees since the beginning of the civil war according to the official data and hosts more Syrians whose application process is ongoing. Today Brazil is the main receiver of the Syrian refugees in South America. This paper discusses the underlying reasons of recent open door policy of South American states, thecurrent situation of Syrian refugees in the region and the problems encountered at the level of policy-making and policy implementation phases with a special emphasis on the developments in Brazil
Keywords:

Syria, Brazil, South America, migration, refugee,

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Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 2147-7523
  • Başlangıç: 2014
  • Yayıncı: Sakarya Üniversitesi Ortadoğu Enstitüsü adına Ali Balcı
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