Türkiye’de Yayınlanan Haberlerde Yapay Zekâ Teknolojilerinin Olanakları ve Zorlukları Hakkındaki Çerçevelemeler

Son yıllarda, yapay zekânın günlük hayatımızdaki artan kullanımı bu teknolojinin olanakları ve riskleri hakkında özellikle medya alanında birçok tartışmaya yol açmıştır. Fakat bu teknolojilerin halka nasıl yansıtıldığı hakkında çok az inceleme yapılmıştır. Çerçeveleme yöntemi, haberlerin yapısını ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Halkı yapay zekâ hakkında bilgilendirirken ayrıca yorum modellerini anlamak için de kullanılmaktadır. Bu amaçla yüksek tiraja sahip iki Türkçe gazetede yayınlanmış 209 haber, 1 Ocak 2019 ve 31 Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında toplanıp yapay zekânın olanakları ve potansiyel zorlukları açısından medyada nasıl çerçevelendiğini anlamak adına analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, Türkiye’de yayınlanan haberlerde yapay zekânın olanakları ve risklerini temalandırmak için en çok kullanılan çerçeveler şunlardır: “Bir yardımcı/destekçi olarak yapay zekâ”, “ekonomik faydalar”, “insan hatasının ortadan kalkması”, “insanın yerini almak” ve “etik kaygılar”. Genel olarak, yapay zekâdan bahsederken kullanıcıları için yaratacağı olanakları ve faydaları vurgulayan iyimser tutumun yoğun bir şekilde sergilendiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gazetecilik, Habercilik, Yapay Zeka, Çerçeveleme, Çerçeveleme Analizi

Framing Discourses in Turkish News Coverage Regarding Artificial Intelligence Technologies’ Prospects and Challenges

In recent years, the continuous and increasing implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in our daily lives has triggered discussions regarding its potentials and risks, especially in news media. However, the analysis of the way in which this technology is communicated to the public is limited. The framing approach can be applied to understand the structure of news stories and to explore the type of interpretation patterns that are used to inform the public about artificial intelligence technologies. For this purpose, a total of 209 news articles from two highly circulated Turkish newspapers were gathered between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019 and analyzed in order to discover how this emerging technology is framed in the media discourse with regard to its prospects and challenges. The results indicate that the following frames are used in Turkish news coverage to thematize the possibilities and potential risks of artificial intelligence: “Artificial intelligence as assistant/supporter”, “economic benefit”, “elimination of human error”, “human replacement”, and “ethical concerns”. Overall, the news coverage reveals a predominately positive tendency toward artificial intelligence by emphasizing the prospects and benefits for its users.

Keywords:

Journalism, News Coverage, Artificial Intelligence, Framing, Framing Analysis,

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