Tange Denis ACHIRI, Ekrem ATAKAN, Serkan PEHLİVAN

Chilo partellus Swinhoe, 1885 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)’un yaygın olarak kullanılan insektisitlere duyarlılığı

Chilo partellus Swinhoe, 1885 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Türkiye’de Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde son zamanlarda saptanan oldukça zararlı bir mısır zararlısıdır. İstilacı bir tür olarak değerlendirilen C. partellus, dünyanın birçok bölgesinde diğer yerli mısırkurtlarının yerini almaktadır. Bu amaçla, Türkiye’de mısır üretim alanlarında diğer Lepidopter türlerine karşı yaygın olarak kullanılan 8 insektisidin önerilen dozlarının C. partellus’un yumurta ve birinci dönem larvalarına etkisi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü laboratuvarında 27±2ºC, %70 orantılı nem, 14:10 (A: K) koşullarda araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmayla insektisitlerin yumurtaların açılma oranları ve larva ölüm oranları üzerinde etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. En düşük açılma oranı deltamethrinde %30.6 olarak belirlenmiştir. Diğer tüm insektisit uygulamalarında yumurta açılma oranları %80’nin üzerinde saptanmıştır. Larvaların ölüm oranlarında ise en yüksek oran %84.5 ile emamectin-benzoat’ta belirlenirken, en düşük oran %38.2 ile lambda-cyhalothrinde belirlenmiştir. İnsektisite daldırılmış mısır yaprak disklerinde ise birinci dönem larvaların en düşük ve en yüksek ölüm oranları, 72 saat sonra indoxacarb ve emamectin-benzoat için sırasıyla %62.6 ve % 96.7 olmuştur. Hayatta kalma analizleri, risk oranlarının chlorpyrifos-ethyl ve emamectin-benzoat için sırasıyla 4.9 (%95 CI: 1.66-14.6) ile 15.6 (%95 CI: 5.33-45.6) arasında değiştiğini göstermiştir. Birinci dönem larvalarının ölüm oranlarının kontrol ile kıyaslandığında emamectin-benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin ve deltamethrinde sırasıyla 16, 10 ve 9 kat yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca tüm uygulamalarda larvaların davranışlarında azalma gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Siyah-baş dönemi, Chilo partellus, yumurta açılma, ölüm oranı, yaşam, Türkiye

Susceptibility of Chilo partellus Swinhoe, 1885 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to some commonly used insecticides

Chilo partellus Swinhoe, 1885 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a destructive pest of maize, was recently recorded in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. The pest is considered to be an invasive species, displacing indigenous stem borers in many parts of the world. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of commonly used insecticides in a maize production system in Turkey on egg hatch and mortality of first instar larvae of C. partellus under laboratory conditions (27±2ºC, 70% RH and 14:10 h L:D photoperiod) at the Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova. Eight insecticides registered for indigenous lepidopteran pests were used at the recommended rates. The percentage of hatched egg masses were significantly different. The smallest percentage was 30.6% with deltamethrin. The percentages of hatched egg masses were greater than 80% for all other insecticides. Mortality of hatched larvae was significantly different. The highest and lowest mortalities of hatched larvae were 84.5% and 38.2% with emamectin-benzoate and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. Seventy-two h after exposure of the first instar larvae to sprayed maize leaf disks, the lowest and highest mortalities were 62.6% and 96.7% with indoxacarb and emamectin-benzoate, respectively. Survival analyses revealed that hazard ratios ranged from 4.91 (95% CI: 1.66-14.6) to 15.6 (95% CI: 5.33-45.6) with chlorpyrifos-ethyl and emamectin-benzoate, respectively. The mortality of first instar larvae was about 16, 10 and 9 times that of the control with emamectin-benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin, respectively. Feeding activity of larval stage was reduced by all treatments. The implications of this study are discussed.

Keywords:

Blackhead, Chilo partellus, hatch, mortality, survival, Turkey,

PDF

___

Adan, A., P. Del Estal, F. Budia, M. Gonzalez & E. Vinuela, 1996. Laboratory evaluation of the novel naturally derived compound spinosad against Ceratitis capitata. Pesticide Science, 48: 261-268.
Ahmed, S., R. R. Khan & M. Khan, 2003. Some studies of varietal resistance in spring maize against Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) with and without release of Trichogramma chilonis. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 5 (4): 552-554.
Ajala, S. O., K. N. Saxena & P. Chiliswa, 1995. Selection in maize (Zea mays L.) for resistance to the spotted stemborer (Chilo partellus) (Swinhoe). Maydica, 40:137-140.
Ampong-Nyarko, K., R. K. V. Seshu & K. N. Saxena, 1994. Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) oviposition on non-host: a mechanism for reduced pest incidence in intercropping. Acta Ecologica, 15: 467-474.
Arabjafari, K. H. & S. K. Jalali, 2007. Identification and analysis of host plant resistance in leading maize genetypes against spotted stem borer, chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10 (11): 1885-1895.
Assal, O. M., H. S. A. Radwan & M. E. Samy, 1983. Egg hatch inhibition in the cotton leaf worm with certain IGRs and synthetic pyrethroids. Journal of Applied Entomology, 95: 259-263.
Beevor, P. S., H. David & O. T. Jones, 1990. Female sex pheromones of Chilo spp (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and their development in the pest control applications. Insect Science and Its Application, 11 (4-5): 787-794.
Bhat, Z. H. & Z. A. Baba, 2007. Efficacy of different insecticides against maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and maize Aphid, Rhopalosiphum maids (Fitch) infesting maize. Pakistan Entomological, 12: 57-61.
Biondi, A., L. Zappala, J. D. Stark & N. Desneux, 2013. Do biopesticides affect the demographic traits of a parasitoid wasp and its biocontrol services through sublethal effects? PlosOne, 8 (9): e76584.
Boiteau, G. & C. Noronha, 2007. Topical, residual and ovicidal contact toxicity of three redused-risk insecticides against the European stem borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), on potato. Pest Management Science, 63: 1230-1238.
Cheruiyot, D., C. A. O. Midega, J. Van den Berg, J. A. Pickett & Z. R. Khan, 2018. Suitability of brachiariagrass as a trap crop for management of Chilo partellus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 166 (2): 139-148.
Chockalingam, S. & A. Noorjahan, 1984. The ovicidal effect of diflubenzuron on hemiptera bugs, Dysdercus cingulatus and Chrysocoris purpureus. Current Science, 53: 1112-1113.
De Smedt, C., F. Ferrer, K. Leus & P. Spanoghe, 2015. Removal of pesticides from aqueous solutions by adsorption on zeolites as solid adsorbents. Adsorption Science & Technology, 33: 457-485.
Galvan, T. L., R. L. Koch & W. D. Hutchison, 2005. Toxicity of commonly used insecticides in sweet corn and soybean to multicolored Asian lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 98: 780-789.
Gardeze, S. R. A., K. Mahmood & M. Hussain, 1998. Effect of certain pathogenic fungi for the control of maize stem borer (Chilo partellus). Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 10: 94-97.
Guedes, R. N. C., G. Smagghe, J. D. Stark & N. Desneux, 2016. Pesticide-induced stress in Arthropod pests for optimized integrated pest management. Annual Review of Entomology, 61: 43-62.
Guofa, Z., W. A. Overholt & M. B. Mochiah, 2001. Changes in the distribution of lepidopteran maize stemborers in Kenya from 1950s to 1990s keynote address: Bioecology of Chilo species. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 11: 467-477.
Hannig, G. T., M. Ziegler & P. G. Marçon, 2009. Feeding cessation effects of chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, in comparison with several insecticides in distinct chemical classes and mode-of-action groups. Pest Management Science, 65 (9): 969-974.
Harris, K. M., 1989. “Bioecology of sorghum stemborer, 63-71”. In: International workshop on sorghum stem borers. International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (Ed. K. F. Nwanze) (17-20 November 1989, Patancheru, India), 189 pp.
Katole, S. R. & S. K. Mundiwale, 1995. Whorl application of insecticides influenced population of sorghum stem borer at harvest. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 20: 451-452.
Kfir, R., 1993. Diapause termination in the spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the laboratory. Annals of Applied Biology, 123: 1-7.
Kfir, R., 1997. Competitive displacement of Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 90 (5): 619-624.
Kfir, R., W. A. Overholt, Z. R. Khan & A. Polaszek, 2002. Biology and management of economically important Lepidopteran cereal stem borers in Africa. Annual Review of Entomology, 47: 701-731.
Khan, S. M. & M. Amjad, 2000. Chemical control of maize stem borer (Chilo partellus Swin.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 3 (12): 2116-2118.
Kioko, E. N., W. A. Overholt & J. M. Mueke, 1995. “Larval development in Chilo orichalcociliellus and Chilo partellus: a comparative study in the laboratory, 191-198". In: Proceedings, 10th Meeting and Scientific Conference of the African Association of Insect Scientist (5-10 September 1993, Mombasa, ICIPE Science Press, Nairobi, Kenya), 251 pp.
Kumar, H., 2002. Resistance in maize to larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal of Stored Product Research, 38: 267-280.
Kumar, R. & T. Alam, 2017. Effect of some newer insecticides on damage intensity of Chilo partellus Kharif maize. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 5 (6): 675-679.
Kurt, D. & T. Kayis, 2014. Effect of the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin on the hemocytes of Galleria mellonella. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39: 452-457.
Mahmoudvan, M., A. S. Garjan & H. Abbasipour, 2014. Ovicidal effect of some insecticides on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 71 (2): 226-230.
Mathur, Y. K. & K. P. Satyadev, 1992. Evaluation of some important insecticides against Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Marasmia trepezalis (Guen.) infesting maize crop. Journal of Entomological Research, 16: 277-282.
Melaku, W., S. Fritz, E. Kairu & O. Charlse, 2006. Cereal losses caused by Lepidoptera stem borers at different nitrogen fertilizer rates in Ethiopia. Journal of Applied Entomology, 130: 220-229.
Murenga, M. G., S. M. Githiri, S. N. Mugo & F. M. Olubayo, 2011. Levels of control of Chilo partellus stem borer in segregating tropical Bt maize populations in Kenya. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 (23): 4725-4731.
Mutamiswa, R., F. Chidawanyika & C. Nyamukondiwa, 2017. Dominance of spotted stem borer Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) over indigenous stemborer species in Africa’s changing climate: ecological and thermal biology perspectives. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 19: 344-356.
Mutyambi, D. M., C. A. O. Midega, T. J. A. Bruce, J. Van den Berg, J. A. Pickett & Z. R. Khan, 2014. Behaviour and biology of Chilo partellus on maize landraces. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 153: 170-181.
Ndema, R., F. Schulthless, S. Korie, C. Borgemeister & K. F. Cardwell, 2001. Distribution, relative importance and effect of lepidopterous borers on maize yields in the forest zones and midaltitude of Cameroon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 94: 1434-1444.
Odindo, M. O., 1990. Potential of Nosema spp (Microspora: Nosematidae) and viruses in the management of Chilo spp (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Insect Science and Its Application, 12: 645-651.
Odindo, M. O., 1991. Management of cereal stem borers, especially Chilo partellus using microsporidia. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 12 (1-2-3): 51-55.
Ofomata, V. C., W. A. Overholt, S. A. Lux, A. Van Huis & R. I. Egwuatu, 2000. Comparative studies on the fecundity, egg survival, larval feeding and development of Chilo partellus and Chilo orichalcociliellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on five grasses. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93 (3): 492-499.
Okyar, Z. & S. Kornoşor, 1997. Trakya Bölgesi Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) türlerinin tespiti çalışmaları II. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 21 (3): 197-212.
Overholt, W. A., K. Ogeuah & P. M. Lammers, 1994. Distribution and sampling of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in maize and sorghum of Kenya Coast. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 84: 367-378.
Overholt, W. A., J. Songa, V. Ofomata & J. Jeske, 2000. “The spread and ecological consequences of the invasion of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Africa, 52-58”. In: Invasive species in Eastern Africa: Proceedings of a workshop held at ICIPE (Ed. S. Miller) (5-6 July 1999, Nairobi, Kenya), ICIPE Science Press, Lyons, 108 pp.
Pats, P., B. Eldom & H. Scovgard, 1997. Influence of intercropping on the abundance, distribution and parasitism of Chilo spp (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 89: 507-513.
Pineda, S., F. Budia, M. I. Schneider, A. Gobbi, E. Ninuella, J. Valle & P. D. Estal, 2004. Effects of two biorational insecticides, spinosad and methoxyfenozide, on Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97 (6): 1906-1911.
Poinar, Jr. G. O. & A. Polaszek, 1998. “Nematoda, Fungi, Protozoa, Bacteria and Viruses, 283-293”. In: African Cereal Stem Borers: Economic Importance, Taxonomy, Natural Enemies and Control (Ed. A. Polaszek). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 530 pp.
Rameash, K., A. Kumar & H. Kalita, 2012. Biorational management of stem borer Chilo partellus in maize. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 40 (3): 208-213.
Rauf, A., M. Ayyaz, F. Baig, M. N. Naqqash & M. J. Arif, 2017. Response of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and entomophagous arthropods to some granular and new chemistry formulations in Zea mays L. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5 (3): 1351-1356.
Sertkaya, E., V. Akmese & E. Atay, 2014. First record of spotted stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on maize Turkey. Turkish Bulletin of Entomology, 4 (3): 197-200.
Sing, R., O. Koul, P. J. Rup & J. Jindal, 2009. Toxicity of some essential oil constituents and their binary mixtures against Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 29 (2): 93-101.
Slabbert, O. & J. Van den Berg, 2009. The effect of the adjuvant, Break-Thru S240, on whorl penetration and efficacy of foliar insecticide application against Chilo partellus. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 26: 254-258.
Tanwar, A. K., J. Jindal & D. S. Brar, 2017. Susceptibility of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) population to insecticides. Indian Journal of Entomology, 79 (2): 220-222.
Trisyono, A., B. Puttler & G. M. Chippendale, 2000. Effect of the ecdyson agonists, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide on the lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculate. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 94: 103-105.
Van den Berg, J., 2006. Oviposition preference and larval survival of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) trap crops. International Journal of Pest Management, 52 (1): 39-44.
Van den Berg, J., J. B. J. Van Rensburg & J. H. Giliomee, 1991. The effect of plant density on the injuriousness of Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in grain sorghum. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 8: 85-87.
Van den Berg, J. & M. C. Van den Westhuizen, 1995. Development of chemical control strategy for Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in grain sorghum. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 12 (3): 105-107.
Van Hamburg, H., 1979. The grain-sorghum stalk-borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): seasonal changes in adult populations in grain sorghum in the Transvaal. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 42: 1-9.
Yonow, T. D., J. Kriticos, N. Ota, J. Van den Berg & D. H. William, 2017. The potential global distribution of Chilo partellus, including consideration of irrigation and cropping patterns. Journal of Pest Science, 90 (2): 459-477.