Enver DURMUŞOĞLU, Ahmet HATİPOĞLU, Hasan BALCI

Bazı bitkisel kökenli insektisitlerin laboratuvar koşullarında Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvalarına etkileri

Güney Amerika kökenli Domates güvesi [Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)] domatesin dünyadaki en önemli zararlılarından biridir. Kapalı veya açık domates yetiştirilen alanlarda bitkinin toprak üstünde kalan tüm kısımlarında beslenen Domates güvesi, mücadelesi yapılmadığında %100'lere varan oranlarda zarara neden olabilmektedir. Dünyada geniş alanları etkileyen bu zararlı, sonunda Türkiye’deki domates tarlalarında da yayılış göstermiş ve 2009 yılında, Türkiye pazarında domates fiyatlarının hızlı bir tırmanışa geçmesine neden olan önemli bir epidemi yapmıştır. Entegre zararlı yönetimi programları çerçevesinde zararlıya karşı birçok önlem ve mücadele yöntemi önerilse ve bunlar kısmen uygulansa da çiftçiler büyük ölçüde insektisit kullanmayı tercih etmektedirler. Ancak diğer yandan, zararlının uzun süredir sorun olduğu Güney Amerika ülkelerinde bu türün pek çok kimyasala karşı direnç geliştirdiği de bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmanın temel amacı Domates güvesi ile mücadelede, dayanıklılık riski düşük ve insan ile çevre sağlığına zarar vermeyen çevre dostu bitkisel kökenli insektisitlerin kullanım olanaklarını belirlemektir. 2010 yılı Eylül-Aralık ayları arasında Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü iklim odaları ve laboratuarlarında gerçekleştirilen denemelerde, Anonin, Karanjin ve Azadirachtin içeren bitki ekstrakları ile bunların karışımları, zararlının ikinci ve dördüncü dönem larvalarına yaprak daldırma metodu ile uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Anonin, azadirachtin ve bunların karışımını içeren ekstraktların halen kullanılmakta olan ilaçlara iyi bir alternatif olacağı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Domates güvesi, Tuta absoluta, Anonin, Azadirachtin, Karanjin

Efficiency of some plant extracts against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under laboratory conditions

Tomato leaf miner [Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)], originating from South America, is one of the most serious pest of tomato around the world. Tomato leaf miner feeds on all upper parts of the plant grown in both greenhouse and open field and damages up to 100% if it is not controlled. This pest is effected large areas around the world and it is a loss recorded in Turkey where it caused a major epidemic in 2009 resulting in a drastic increase in tomato prices in the Turkish market. Although many precautions and control methods are suggested against the Tomato leaf miner in integrated pest management programs, it is mainly controlled with conventional insecticide treatment. However, this species is developed resistance against many active compounds in South American where the pest is a problem for a long time. In this study, effects of plant extracts were tested on this destructive pest in laboratory and greenhouses conditions. Results showed that Anonin, Azadirachtin, and their mixtures were very effective in controlling the pest and it could be used against this pest within integrated pest management program in greenhouses and fields.

Keywords:

Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta, Anonin, Azadirachtin, Karanjin,

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