Tip 2 Diyabet Karar Mekanizmasında Tepki Dinamiğini Değiştirir

Amaç: Değişen yaşam ve beslenme alışkanlıkları sebebiyle diabetes mellitus dünyada her geçen gün insidansı artan önemli kronik hastalıklardandır. Diyabetin serebrovasküler etkilerinin yanı sıra kognitif fonksiyonlar üzerine etkisinin olduğunu bildiren çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada tip 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hastalarında işitsel uyaranlar eşliğinde kognitif etkileri denetlemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma T2DM teşhisi almış ileri yaş bireyler ile benzer yaşlarda kontrol grubundan oluşan toplam 58 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya dahil olan bireylerden açlık kan şekeri ölçümünün ardından elektroensefalografi (EEG) ve elektrookülografi kaydı alınırken eş zamanlı olarak Simon paradigması uygulandı. Alınan EEG kayıtlarından olayla ilişkili potansiyeller (OİP) elde edildi. Kontrol ve T2DM grupları arasındaki değişkenleri karşılaştırmak için bağımsız örneklem t testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Uyumsuz sunulan uyaran cevapları, uyumlu uyaran cevaplarına göre ölçülen tüm parametrelerde arttı. Bu artış yönelim etkisi olarak kabul edildi. Tüm test koşullarında kontrol grubuna göre T2DM grubu reaksiyon süresi arttı. T2DM grubunda OİP; N1, P2, P3 genlikleri tekil olarak ve tepeden tepeye ölçümlerinde tüm deney koşullarında azaldı. Kontrol grubuna göre T2DM grubunda P3 latansı artış gösterdi. Sonuç: Davranış ve elektrofizyolojik bulgularda T2DM hasta grubu bilişsel fonksiyon bakımından kontrol grubuna göre düşük performans göstermiştir. Bu azalış beyin sapı ve beyaz cevherin T2DM’den etkilendiğine işaret etti. Bununla birlikte OİP defleksiyonlarındaki değişim karar mekanizmasında tepki rekabetini etkilediğini gösterdi.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Diyabetes mellitus, Simon görevi, Dikkat, Olay ilişkili potansiyel, P300

Type 2 Diabetes Changes the Response Dynamics in the Decision Making Mechanism

Aim: Due to changing life style and nutritional habits, diabetes mellitus one of the most important chronic diseases with an increasing incidence in the world. Besides cerebrovascular affects, there are also studies that diabetes affects cognitive functions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cognitive effects via auditory stimuli in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Material and Methods: This study was carried out a total of 58 elderly individuals, diagnosed T2DM and a control group of similar ages. The Simon paradigm was applied simultaneously while recording electroencephalography (EEG) and electrooculography after determined fasting blood glucose levels from the participants included in the study. Event-related potentials (ERP) were derived from the EEG recordings. Independent samples t-test was used to compare between the control and T2DM group variables. Results: There was an increase in the responses to the incongruent stimuli according to all parameters compared to the congruent stimulus, which was accepted as the orientation effect. The reaction time of the T2DM group increased compared to the control group in all test conditions. In the T2DM group, the amplitudes of ERP N1, P2 and P3 were decreased single and in peak-to-peak measurements under all experimental conditions. P3 latency increased in the T2DM group compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results showed that the T2DM group lower performance on cognitive functioning compared the control group, considered behavioral and electrophysiological findings. These decreases indicate brainstem and white matter are affected from T2DM. In addition, the change in ERP deflections showed that it affects response selection in the decision making mechanism

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus, Simon task, Attention, Event related potential, P300,

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