EVLİLİK DIŞI BİRLİKTE YAŞAM MODELLERİNE UYGULANACAK HUKUK

1960’lı yıllardan itibaren özellikle batılı toplumlarda ortaya çıkan yeni birlikte yaşam şekillerine hukuk sistemleri kayıtsız kalmamış, evlilik dışı birlikte yaşam süren çiftler için, bu kişilerin ilişkilerini düzenleyen hukuk kuralları oluşturulmuştur. Henüz böyle bir sosyal olgunun toplum ve hukuk tarafından kabul görmediği Türkiye gibi ülkelerde ise yabancı hukuk sistemlerinde sonuç bağlanan bu ilişkilerin, iç hukuktaki muhtemel etkileri bir hayli önem kazanmıştır. Makalede, aynı cinsiyetten ve farklı cinsiyetten kişilerin oluşturduğu evlilik dışı birlikte yaşam modellerinin millî hukuk sistemlerinde ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi AİHM kararları doğrultusunda incelenmesi; evlilik dışı birlikte yaşam modellerine uygulanacak hukukla ilgili doktrin görüşleri ile yabancı hukuk sistemlerinin benimsediği çözümlerin değerlendirilmesi ve bu birlikteliklere Türk hukuku bağlamında uygulanacak hukukun belirlenmesi konularının ele alınması amaçlanmıştır.

The Law Applicable to Non-Marital Cohabitation Forms

Western legal systems haven’t been indifferent to the new forms of living together which arised in the 1960s and they have established rules that regulate the relations of non-marital cohabitants. In countries such as Turkey, where such a social phenomenon yet to be accepted by the society and the law, the possible effects of these relations in the domestic law have gained a great importance. The purpose of this article is firstly to examine the forms of non-marital cohabitation composed by the same-sex and different-sex couples in accordance with the foreign national laws and European Court of Human Rights ECHR judgments; secondly to evaluate the doctrine’s recommendations and the solutions that foreign legal systems adopt concerning the law applicable to non-marital cohabitation; and thirdly to determine the law applicable to these relation forms within Turkish law.

___

  • Abadan-Unat, N.: Legal Problems Concerning Unmarried Couples, the NonMarried Couple and Society: Socio-Juridicial Aspects of Cohabitation, Seha L. Meray’a Armağan, C. II, Ankara 1982, s. 805-830.
  • Akipek, J./Akıntürk, T./Ateş-Karaman, D.: Türk Medeni Hukuku Başlangıç Hükümleri Kişiler Hukuku C. 1, 9. Baskı, İstanbul 2012.
  • Aloni, E.: Registering Relationships, Tulane Law Review, S. 87 (2013), s. 573- 648.
  • Attah, M.: Extending Family Law to Non-Marital Cohabitation in Nigeria, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, S. 26/2 (2012), s. 162–186.
  • Aybay, R.: Uluslararası Antlaşmaların Türk Hukukundaki Yeri, TBB Dergisi, S. 70 (2007), s. 187-213.
  • Aybay, R./Dardağan, E.: Uluslararası Düzeyde Yasaların Çatışması (Kanunlar İhtilafı), 2. Baskı, İstanbul 2008.
  • Barlow, A.: Regulation of Cohabitation, Changing Family Policies and Social Attitudes: A Discussion of Britain Within Europe, Law & Policy, S. 26 (2004), s. 57–86.
  • Beinaroviča, O.: The Historical Development of Regulation of Non-Marital Cohabitation of Heterosexual Couples and Its Effect on the Creation of Modern Family Law in Europe, Vilnius University Faculty of Law International Conference of PhD Students and Young Researchers, The Interaction of National Legal Systems: Convergence or Divergence? Conference Papers 25– 26 April 2013.
  • Björnberg, U.: Cohabitation and Marriage in Sweden - Does Family Form Matter?, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, S. 15 (2001), s. 350-362.
  • Boele-Woelki, K.: Le Partenariat Enregistre: Legislation des Pays-Bas, Questions d’actualité en droit des personnes dans les Etats membres de la CIEC, Colloque organisé à Strasbourg pour marquer les 50 ans d’existence de la CIEC, s. 43- 52.
  • Boele-Woelki, K.: Private International Law Aspects of Registered Partnerships and Other Forms of Non-Marital Cohabitation in Europe, Louisiana Law Review, S. 60 (2000), s. 1053- 1059.
  • Campbell, J.: New Zealand Civil Union Act: New Challenges for Private International Law, Victoria University of Wellington Law Review, S. 37 (2006), s. 69-92.
  • Carruthers, J. M.: De Facto Cohabitation: the International Private Law Dimension, Edinburgh Law Review, S. 12 (2008), s. 51–76.
  • Carruthers, J.: Party Autonomy in the Legal Regulation of Adult Relationships: What Place For Party Choice in Private International Law?, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, S. 61 (2012), s. 881–913.
  • Çelikel, A./Erdem, B.: Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk, 14. Baskı, Ankara 2016.
  • Collins, L. (general ed.)/ Hartley, T.C. (ed.)/ Morse, C.G.J. (ed.): Dicey and Morris on Conflict of Laws, I. Cilt, 12. Baskı, Londra 1993.
  • di Noto, R.: Les Conflits de Qualifications en Matière de Mariage Entre Personnes de Même Sexe et de Partenariat Enregistré Dans le Cadre Européen, sous la direction de M.-L. Niboyet, 2011.
  • Curry-Sumner, I.: All’s Well That Ends Registered?: The Substantive and Private International Law Aspects of Non-Marital Registered Relationships In Europe, 1. Baskı, Anwerp/Oxford 2005.
  • Dardağan-Kibar, E.: Uluslararası Özel Hukukta Soybağı ve Velayete İlişkin Sorunlar, Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, Atâ Sakmar’a Armağan 2011/1, s. 541-560.
  • Dayınlarlı, K.: Milletlerarası Özel Hukukta Kamu Düzeni, Prof. Dr. Yaşar Karayalçın’a 65. yaş Armağanı, Ankara 1988, s. 653-692.
  • Devers, A.: Le Concubinage en Droit International Privé, 1. Baskı, Paris 2004. Doğan, V.: Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk, 3. Baskı, Ankara 2013.
  • Dural, M./Öğüz, T./Gümüş, M. A.: Türk Özel Hukuku Cilt III Aile Hukuku, 10. Baskı, İstanbul 2015.
  • Edis, S.: Medeni Hukuka Giriş ve Başlangıç Hükümleri, 4. Baskı, Ankara 1989.
  • Favier, Y.: Une Situation de Fait (Chapitre 140), Dalloz Action, Droit de la Famille, 2010-2011, (ed. Pierre Murat), 5. Baskı, Paris 2010.
  • Fulchiron, H.: Réflexion sur les Unions Hors Mariage en Droit International Privé, Journal du Droit International, S. 2000/4, s. 889-913.
  • Gençcan, Ö.U.: Aile Hukuku, 1. Baskı, Ankara 2011.
  • Goldstein, G.: “La Condition des Couples Cohabitant Hors Mariage.” La Cohabitation Hors Mariage en Droit International Privé. Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law 320, Leiden/Boston 2007.
  • Harnois, C./Hirsch, J.: Note Sur les Développements en Droit Interne et Droit International Privé Sur la Cohabitation Hors Mariage, y Compris les Partenariats Enregistres, Document préliminaire No 11, La Haye 2008.
  • Henneron, S.: New Forms of Cohabitation: Private International Law Aspects of Registered Partnerships, Perspectives For the Unification and Harmonisation of Family Law in Europe, ed. Boele-Woelki, K., Antwerp/Oxford/New York 2003, s. 462-470.
  • İnal, N.: Örnek Dilekçe ve Kararlarla Açıklamalı Aile Mahkemeleri Davaları, 1. Baskı, Ankara 2004.
  • Kessler, G.: Les Partenariats Enregistrés en Droit International Privé, 1. Baskı, Paris 2004.
  • Khairallah, G.: Les « Partenariats Organisés » en Droit International Privé, Revue Critique de Droit International Privé, S. 2000/3, s. 317- 330.
  • Lagarde, P.: Note sous Tribunal de Grande Instance Paris, Premier chambre, 21 Novembre 1983, Ferreira, Revue Critique de Droit International Privé, S. 1984/ , s. 628-631.
  • Lamarche, M.: Pacte Civil de Solidarité (PACS), Rép. civ. Dalloz, Eylül 2012.
  • LaViolette, N.: Waiting in a New Line at City Hall: Registered Partnerships as an Option for Relationship Recognition Reform in Canada, Canadian Journal of Family Law, S. 19 (2002), s. 115-172.
  • Megarry, R./Wade, W./Harpum C.: The Law of Real Property, 8. Baskı, Londra 2012.
  • Melcher, M.: Private International Law and Registered Relationships: An EU Perspective, European Review of Private Law, S. 4 (2012), s. 1075–1096.
  • Morris, J. H. C./McClean, D./Beevers, K.: The Conflict of Laws by Morris, 7. Baskı, Londra 2009.
  • Murphy, J.: International Dimensions in Family Law, 1. Baskı, 2006 New York.
  • Noack, T.: Cohabitation in Norway: An Accepted and Gradually More Regulated Way of Living, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, S. 15 (2001), s. 102-117.
  • Nomer, E.: Devletler Hususi Hukuku, 21. Baskı, İstanbul 2015.
  • North, P./Fawcett, J.J.: Cheshire and North’s Private International Law, 13. Baskı, New York 2004.
  • Oğuzman, K./Dural, M.: Aile Hukuku, 2. Baskı, İstanbul 1998.
  • Oldham, J. T.: Unmarried Partners and the Legacy of Marvin v. Marvin, Notre Dame Law Review, S. 76 (2000), s. 1261-1264.
  • O’Mahony, C. : Irreconcilable Differences? Article 8 ECHR and Irish Law on Non-Traditional Families, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, S. 26 (2012), s. 31–61.
  • Ostner, I.: Cohabitation in Germany-Rules, Reality and Public Discourse, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, S. 15 (2001), s. 88-101.
  • Özsunay, E. : Nordik Hukukta, Sosyalist Hukukta ve Anglo/Amerikan Hukukunda Evlilik Olmaksızın “Birlikte Yaşama”nın Güncel Sorunları, İstanbul Üniversitesi Mukayeseli Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 13 S. 16 (1979-80-81), s. 57-75.
  • Öztan, B.: Aile Hukuku, 23. Baskı, Ankara 2004.
  • Öztürk, N.: Milletlerarası Özel Hukukta Aile Kurma Amaçlı Evlilik Benzeri Yaşam Modelleri, 1. Baskı, Ankara, 2016.
  • Perelli–Harris, B./Gassen, N. S.: How Similar Are Cohabitation and Marriage? Legal Approaches to Cohabitation across Western Europe, Population and Development Review, S. 38/3 (2012), s. 435–467.
  • Pürselim-Doğan, H.S.: Almanya’da Tescil Edilmiş Eşcinsel Hayat Ortaklığında Veraset İlamının Alınması ve Bu İlama Dayanılarak Türkiye ve Almanya’da Bulunan Terekenin Paylaşılması, MHB, Y. 31 S. 1 (2011), s. 243-266.
  • Rigaux, F.: The Law Applicable to Non Traditional Families, Private Law in the International Arena: From National Conflict Rules Towards Harmonization and Unification : Liber Amicorum Kurt Siehr, ed. J. Basedow, La Haye 2000, s. 647- 656.
  • Sanders, A.: Cohabitants in Private Law: Trust, Frustration and Unjust Enrichment in England, Germany and Canada, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, S. 62 (2013), s. 629–665.
  • Scherpe, J. M.: Quo Vadis, Civil Partnership?, Victoria U. Wellington L. Rev., S. 46 (2015), s. 755-768.
  • Schrama, W. M.: Registered Partnership in the Netherlands, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, S. 13 (1999), (Netherlands), s. 315-327.
  • Schrama, W. M.: The Dutch Approach to Informal Lifestyles: Family Function over Family Form?, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, S. 22 (2008), s. 311–332.
  • Siehr, K.: Family Unions in Private International Law, Netherlands International Law Review, S. 50 (2003), s. 419–435.
  • Sirmen, S.: Eş Cinsel Birliktelikler ve Bunların Kanunlar İhtilâfı Hukukunda Düzenlenişi, AÜHFD, C. 58 S. 4, s. 825-879.
  • Steiner, E.: Spirit of the New French Registered Partnership Law - Promoting Autonomy and Pluralism or Weakening Marriage, The Child & Family Law Quarterly, S. 12/1 (2000), s. 1-14.
  • Sutherland, E. E.: From ‘Bidie-in’ to ‘Cohabitant’ in Scotland: The Perils of Legislative Compromise, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, S. 27 (2013), s. 143–175.
  • Syltevik, L. J. : Sense And Sensibility: Cohabitation in ‘Cohabitation Land’, The Sociological Review, 58/3 (2010), s. 444-462.
  • Şanlı, C./Esen, E./Ataman-Figanmeşe, İ.: Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk, 5. Baskı, İstanbul 2016.
  • Şahin, E.: Açıklamalı-İçtihatlı Uygulamalı-Gerekçeli Aile Hukuku Davaları, 1. Baskı, Ankara 2012.
  • Tekdoğan, I. S.: Evlilik Dışı Birlikte Yaşam Modellerine Uygulanacak Hukuk (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Danışman: Prof. Dr. Fügen SARGIN), Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü 2014, Ankara.
  • Tekinalp, G./Uyanık-Çavuşoğlu, A.: Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bağlama Kuralları, 12. Baskı, İstanbul 2016.
  • Tekinalp, G./Nomer, E./Odman-Boztosun, A.: Private International Law in Turkey, 1. Baskı, the Netherlands 2012.
  • Waaldijk, K.: More or Less Together: Levels of Legal Consequences of Marriage, Cohabitation and Registered Partnership for Different-sex and Same-sex Partners, A Comparative Study of Nine European Countries, Documents de Travail de l’Ined, 125, Paris 2004.
  • Weiss-Gout, B./Niboyet, M.L.: La Reconnaissance Mutuelle des Mariages Entre Personnes de Meme Sexe et des Partenariats Entre Personnes de Même Sexe ou de Sexe Opposé. La Situation Dans les Différents Etats Membres. Besoin d’une Action de l’UE », Rapport Présenté Devant le Parlement Européen en Novembre 2010.
  • Wong, S. :Cohabitation Reform in England and Wales: Equality or Equity, Can. J. Women & L., S. 27 (2015), s. 112-129.
  • Woods, U.: Rights For Cohabitees - Who Should Qualify?, Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, S. 55/1, s. 8-32.
  • Yasan, C.: Milletlerarası Özel Hukukta Aynı Cinsiyetten Kişilerin Birliktelikleri, 1. Baskı, İstanbul, 2013.