ABD hukukunda mahkeme kararları ışığında hükümlü, tutuklu, şartla salıverme ve adli kontrole tabi kişilerle ilgili aramalar

ABD Hukukunda, kişilere yönelik arama, elkoyma ve yakalama işlemlerine karşı güvenceler sağlayan düzenleme, Anayasasının Ek 4. Maddesidir. Bu madde görevlilerce bu işlemlerin makul olarak yürütülmesini; yapılacak işlemler için hakimden karar alınmasını, alınacak kararın ise hem bir makul sebebe dayanmasını, hem de yapılacak işlemlerin kapsamını belirginleştirmesini öngörmektedir. Ek 4. Madde bir taraftan karar zorunluluğu aramakla birlikte bunun Yüksek Mahkemekararları ile şekillenen bazı istisnaları vardır. Adli kontrole tabi kişiler ile şartlı salıvermeden yararlananların aranması da bu karar zorunluluğunun istisnasını oluşturur. Bu kişilerle ilgili aramaların hakim kararı olmadan yapılabileceğine dair kararlar vardır. Rutin aramalar bakımından bir şüphe nedenine dayanmak gerekmez. Ancak rutini aşan aramalar makul şüpheye dayanarak yapılabilir.

An analysis on searches regarding prisoners, parolee and probationer in the United states in consideration of judicial precedent

The U.S. Constitution includes many fundamental guarantees of individual liberty, including the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. According to The Fourth Amendment all searches and seizures must be reasonable and be supported by probable cause in order for them to be conducted. The Fourth Amendment protects the people against unreasonable searches and seizures by requiring warrant based on probable cause. This Amendment provides a general standard that all searches and seizures must be reasonable. It also imposes obtaining warrant, relying on probable cause, andbe seized. describing particularly the place to besearched, and the persons or things to The Supreme Court has interpreted the Fourth Amendment to include a presumptive warrant requirement. The Supreme Court, however, has also recognized situations that render obtaining a warrant impractical or against the public's interest and has accordingly crafted various exceptions to the warrant and probable cause requirements of the Fourth Amendment. Searches which have been established by the Supreme Court regarding parolee and probation are exceptions to the warrant requirement, not requiring a search warrant, probable cause, reasonable suspicion, or even an articulable suspicion.

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