Türk Dillerinde İki Tür ki’nin Dilbilgiselleşmesi Üzerine

Bu makalede Türk dillerindeki kısaca şu iki tür ki’nin çeşitli dilbilgiselleşme yolları incelenecektir: kiplik parçacığı ki ve kopyalanmış bağlayıcı ki. Türk dillerinin belgelenmiş bütün dönemlerinde parçacık veya bağlayıcı yani altasıralayıcı, sıralayıcı ya da bağlayıcı zarf olarak çeşitli anlamsal ve sözdizimsel işlevlere hizmet eden bir ki ögesi kullanılmıştır. Tipolojik araştırmalar, büyük ölçekli karşılaştırmalı çalışmalarda kullanmaya elverişli anlamsal/bilişsel ölçütlere öncelik vermek suretiyle anlamsal ve sözdizimsel özellikler arasındaki ayrımları genellikle bulanıklaştırır, örn. Cristofaro (2003). Ki ögelerinin dilbilgiselleşmesinin Türk dilleri arasında karşılaştırılması, anlamsal/bilişsel özellikleri paylaşan yapıların sözdizimsel olarak farklı olabileceğini gösterir. Ki; Türk dillerinin ek halindeki bağlayıcıları bağımsız bağlayıcılarla değiştirmiş, yoğun kopya bulunduran varyantlarında özel bir rol oynar (Johanson 2000, 2002, 2010). Bölgesel dil özellikleri dilbilgiselleşme süreçlerini etkiler.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Türk dilbilimi, cümle birleştirme, bağlayıcı, kod kopyalama, dilbilgiseleşme

On the grammaticalization of two types of ki in Turkic

This article outlines various grammaticalization paths of the two types of the Turkic particle ki: the modal particle ki and the copied junctor ki. The element ki has been employed in Turkic languages in all documented historical periods, serving various semantic and syntactic functions as particles and junctors, i.e., subjunctors, conjunctors or adjunctors. Typological studies often blur any distinctions between semantic and syntactic properties by giving priority to semantic/cognitive criteria, which are easily applicable in large-scale comparative studies, e.g., Cristofaro (2003). Cross-Turkic comparison of the grammaticalization of ki elements shows that structures sharing semantic/cognitive properties may be syntactically different. Ki plays a special role in high-copying Turkic varieties that have throughout replaced typical Turkic bound junctors by free junctors (Johanson 2000, 2002, 2010). Areal linguistic features have influenced the grammaticalization processes.

Keywords:

Turkic linguistics, clause combining, junctors, Code-Copying, grammaticalization,

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