ÖzetDoğu Türkistanlılar, 1949 yılında ülkelerinde komünist rejimin işbaşına gelmesiyle canlarını kurtarmak ve davalarını anlatabilmek amacıyla birçok ülkeden gelen delegelerin iştirakiyle 1 Eylül 1954 tarihinde Suudi Arabistan’ın Taif şehrinde bir kurultay tertip etmişlerdi. Tarihe “Hicaz Kurultayı” olarak geçen toplantı da gündeme alınan konular Doğu Türkistan özgürlük davasının canlandırılması, bu konuda yapılacak çalışmaların tespiti, Milliyetçi Çin (Guo-Min-Dang) ile işbirliği yapılıp-yapılmayacağı, Milliyetçi Çin’den mali yardım alınıp-alınmayacağı hususlarıydı. Beş gün süren görüşmelerden sonra, Doğu Türkistanlı delegeler 6 Eylül 1954’de çeşitli kararlar almıştır. Takriben 250 kişinin imzası bulunan karar tutanağında en ilginç husus ise Doğu Türkistanlıların milli liderleri olarak Mehmet Emin Buğra ve İsa Yusuf Alptekin'e vekâletname vermeleridir. Hicaz Kurultayı'nda alınan kararların uygulanmasında ise 1949 sonrası Tayvan'a sığınan Milliyetçi Çin yönetiminin tutumu da değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca toplantıda alınan kararların sonraki dönemlerde ne ölçüde gerçekleştirilip-gerçekleştirilmediği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Doğu Türkistan, Çin, Hicaz, Taif, Kurultay, Kamuoyu THE FIRST CONGRESS ON EASTERN TURKISTAN THROUGHOUT THE HISTORY: THE CONGRESS OF HIJAZ (SEPTEMBER 1ST-5TH, 1954) ABSTRACTThe people of Eastern Turkistan organized a congress in the city of Taif in Saudi Arabia in September 1, 1954 for saving their lives, explaining their political aims and collecting supporters after the establishment of the communist regime in China. This congress called as the Congress of Hijaz and those topics such as vitalizing the independence struggle of the Eastern Turkistan, determining the program to vitalize the independence struggle, making a cooperation with Nationalist China or not and having economic aid from Nationalist China or not, were discussed. After the discussions through five days, the Eastern Turkistan delegates determined the decisions in September 6, 1954.  The most interesting point is that the 250 people who joined to the congress gave the procuration that they recognized Mehmet Emin Buğra and İsa Yusuf Alptekin as the national leaders of the people of Eastern Turkistan. During the application process of the decisions of the Congress of Hijaz, the position of the administration of the Nationalist China in Taiwan after 1949 had taken into consideration. Also, the decisions that determined in the Congress and the results of these decisions are going to be discussed in this paper.Key words: East Turkistan, China, the Hijaz, the congress, the public

The people of Eastern Turkistan organized a congress in the city of Taif in Saudi Arabia in September 1, 1954 for saving their lives, explaining their political aims and collecting supporters after the establishment of the communist regime in China. This congress called as the Congress of Hijaz and those topics such as vitalizing the independence struggle of the Eastern Turkistan, determining the program to vitalize the independence struggle, making a cooperation with Nationalist China or not and having economic aid from Nationalist China or not, were discussed. After the discussions through five days, the Eastern Turkistan delegates determined the decisions in September 6, 1954. The most interesting point is that the 250 people who joined to the congress gave the procuration that they recognized Mehmet Emin Buğra and İsa Yusuf Alptekin as the national leaders of the people of Eastern Turkistan. During the application process of the decisions of the Congress of Hijaz, the position of the administration of the Nationalist China in Taiwan after 1949 had taken into consideration. Also, the decisions that determined in the Congress and the results of these decisions are going to be discussed in this paper