Öz-Kontrol İle Ruminasyon Arasındaki İlişki

Bu araştırmanın birincil amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin öz-kontrolleri ile ruminasyon düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olup olmadığının incelenmesidir. Bu araştırmanın diğer bir amacı ise, öz-kontrolün ruminasyon düzeyini anlamlı bir şekilde yordayıp yordamadığını incelemektir. 2019-2020 Eğitim- Öğretim yılı güz döneminde Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi’nin çeşitli fakültelerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerden kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 259 kadın (%58.6) ve 184 (%41.4) erkek olmak üzere toplam 442 öğrenci ile bu çalışma yürütülmüştür. Öz-kontrolü ölçmek için Özdemir, Vazsonyi & Çok (2013) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Öz-Kontrol Ölçeği; ruminasyonu ölçmek için ise Erdur-Baker & Bugay (2010) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Ruminatif Yanıt Ölçeği kısa versiyonu kullanılmıştır. Öz-kontrol ölçeğindeki toplam puan ve alt ölçeklerin puanları ile ruminasyon arasındaki ilişkiler, Pearson Momentler Çarpım Korelasyon Katsayısı Tekniği ile incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, öz-kontrol toplam puan ve alt ölçeklerden bazılarının (öfke, dürtüsellik, basit görevler, fiziksel aktivite ve riskli davranan) ruminasyon ile arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişkiler olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, öz-kontrolün ruminasyonu yordama gücü çoklu regresyon analizi ile test edilmiş ve yapılan analizler sonucunda, öfke ve ben-merkezciliğin ruminasyon üzerinde önemli (anlamlı) bir yordayıcı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Dürtüsellik, basit görevler, riskli davranan ve fiziksel aktivite değişkenlerinin ise ruminasyon üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olmadığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen bu bulgular, ilgili alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

The Relationship Between Self-Control and Rumination

In the present study, the relationship between the self-control and rumination levels of university students was examined. It was also examined whether the self-control variable predicted rumination significantly. The study was conducted with a total of 442 students, 259 female (58.6%) and 184 male (41.4%), selected among the students at various faculties of Afyon Kocatepe Universityin fall semester of 2019-2020 academic year,using the convenience sampling method. The Low Self-Control Scale translated into Turkish by Özdemir, Vazsonyi & Çok (2013) was used to measure self-control levels while the Ruminative Response Scale Short Version translated into Turkish by Erdur-Baker & Bugay (2010) was used to measure rumination levels. The correlation between rumination levels and the total and sub-scale scores from the Low Self-Control Scale was examined using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient technique. As a result of the analyses performed, it was found that there was a significant and positive relationship between rumination and low self-control total scores and certain sub-scales (anger, impulsivity, simple tasks, physicalactivitiesand risk seeking). Additionally, the prediction level of self-control on rumination was tested with a Multiple Regression Analysis and it was found that anger and self-centeredness were significant predictors of rumination.On the other hand,some variables(impulsivity, simple tasks, risk seeking, physicalactivities)were not found to have a significant effect on rumination.

___

  • Akın, A., Abacı, R. & Öveç, Ü. (2007). The construct validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Self-Consciousness Scale. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 40(2), 257-276.
  • Aksöz Efe, İ. (2018). Olumsuz yaşam olayları, psikolojik danışma hizmeti alma, ruminasyon ve stres arasındaki ilişki. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 51(2), 1-25.
  • Armutlu, İ. (2019). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük, dürtüsellik, ruminasyon ve genel erteleme eğiliminin psikolojik belirtiler ile ilişkisi [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Başkent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Arneklev, B.J., Grasmick, H.G., Tittle, C.R. & Bursik, Jr., R.J. (1993). Low self-control and imprudent behavior. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 9, 225-247.
  • Baumeister, R.F. (2002). Yielding to temptation: Self-control failure, ımpulsive purchasing, and consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(4), 670–676.
  • Baumeister, R., & Vohs, K. (2004). Handbook of self-regulation: Research theory and application. Guildford Press.
  • Breithaupt, L., Rallis B., Mehlenbeck, R. & Kleiman, E. (2016). Rumination and self-control interact to predict bulimic symptomatology in college students. Eating Behaviors, 22, 1-4.
  • Borders, A., Earleywine, M. & Jajodia, A. (2009). Could mindfulness decrease anger, hostility, and aggression by decreasing rumination? Aggresive Behavior, 36(1), 28-44.
  • Bushman, B.J. (2002). Does venting anger feed or extinguish the flame? Catharsis, rumination, distraction, anger, and aggressive responding. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(6), 724-731.
  • Cenkseven Önder, F. & Utkan, Ç. (2018). Bilinçli farkındalık ve algılanan stres ilişkisinde ruminasyon ve olumsuz duygu düzenlemenin aracı rolü. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 1004-1019.
  • Cochran, J.K., Wood, P.B., Sellers, C.S., Wilkerson, W. & Chamlin, M.B. (1998). Academic dishonesty and low self-control: An empirical test of a general theory of crime. Deviant Behavior, 19, 227-255.
  • Delisi, M. Hochstetler, A.L. & Murphy, D.S. (2003). Self control behind bars: A validation study of the Grasmick et al. Scale. Justice Quarterly, 20(2), 241-263.
  • Denson, T.F., Pedersen, W.C., Friese, M., Hahm, A. & Roberts, L. (2011). Understanding impulsive aggression: Angry rumination and reduced self-control capacity are mechanisms underlying the provocation-aggression relationship. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(6), 850-862.
  • Elma, Ö. (2018). Ergenlerde ruminasyon ile yeme tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin birtakım değişkenlere göre incelenmesi [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. & Bugay, A. (2010). The short version of ruminative response scale: Reliability, validity and its relation to psychological symptoms. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 2178–2181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.433
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö., Özgülük, S.B., Turan, N. & Demirci Danışık, N. (2009). Ergenlerde görülen psikolojik belirtilerin yordayıcıları olarak ruminasyon ve öfke/öfke ifade tarzları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4 (32), 43-53.
  • Finkel, E., & Campbell, K. (2001). Self-control and accommodation in close relationships: An interdependence analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 263–277.
  • Forde, D. R., & Kennedy, L. W. (1997). Risky lifestyles, routine activities, and the general theory of crime. Justice Quarterly, 14, 265-294.
  • Gaydukevych, D. & Kocovsku, N. (2012). Effect of Self-Focused Attention on Post-Event Processing in Social Anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(1), 47-55.
  • Gibbs, J.J., Giever, D. & Martin, J.S. (1998). Parental management and self-control: An empirical test of Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35, 40-70.
  • Gottfredson, M.R. & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Grasmick, H.G., Tittle, C.R., Bursik, Jr., R.J. & Arneklev, B.J. (1993). Testing the core empirical implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 5-29.
  • Hasegawa, A., Kunisato, Y., Morimoto, H., Nishimura, H. & Matsuda, Y. (2018). How do rumination and social problem solving intensify depression? A longitudinal study. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 36, 28-46.
  • Henden, E. (2008). What is self-control? Philosophical Psychology, 21(1), 69-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515080701874092
  • Junger, M. & Tremblay, R. (1999). Self-control, accidents, and crime. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 26, 485-501.
  • Kalfa, E. & Yalçınkaya Alkar, Ö. (2019). Üstün yetenekli çocuk ve ergenlerde mükemmelliyetçilik, ruminasyon ve depresyon ilişkisi: Derleme Çalışması. Üstün Zekâlılar Eğitimi ve Yaratıcılık Dergisi, 6, 1-13.
  • Keane, C., Maxim, P. S. & Teevan, J. J. (1993). Drinking and driving, self-control, and gender: Testing a general theory of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 30- 46.
  • Kong, F., Zhang, H., Xia, H., Huang, B., Qin, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, X. & Zhou, Z. (2020). Why do people with self-control forgive others easily? The role of rumination and anger. Front. Psychol. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00129 (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00129/full Erişim tarihi: 24.04.2020)
  • Kuzucu, Y., Tunçer, İ. & Aksu, Ş. (2015). İlişkilerde bilişsel çarpıtmalar ve öz-kontrol ilişkisinde sürekli öfkenin aracılık rolü. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 48-56.
  • Li, B.J. Dou, K., Situ, Q.M., Salcuni, S., Wang, Y.J. & Friese, M. (2019). Anger rumination partly accounts for the association between trait self-control and aggression. Journal of Research in Personality, 81, 207-223.
  • Madahi, M.E., Khalatbari, J., Dibajnia, P. & Sharifara, B. (2013). The efficiency of based on mind fullness cognitive therapy upon depression, anger, obsessive rumination in dysthymic patients. Journal of Society for Development In New Net Environment In B&H, 7(3), 936- 941.
  • Moffitt, T.E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R.J., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Poulton, R., Roberts, B.W., Ross, S., Sears, M.R., Thomson, W.M. & Caspi, A. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. PNAS, 108, 2693–2698.
  • Morsunbul, U. (2015). The effect of identity development, self-esteem, low selfcontrol and gender on aggression in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 61, 99-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2015.61.6
  • Muraven, M., Baumeister, R. F. & Tice, D. (1999). Longitudinal improvement of self-regulation through practice: Building self-control strength through repeated exercise. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139(4), 446-457.
  • Nebioğlu, M., Konuk, N., Akbaba S. & Eroğlu, Y. (2012). The ınvestigation of validity and reliability of the turkish version of the brief self-control scale. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 22(4), 340–351.
  • Nelson, J.A. & Perry, N.B. (2015). Emotional reactivity, self-control, and children’s hostile attributions over middle childhood. Cognition and Emotion, 29(4), 592–603.
  • Nie, Y. G., Li, J. B., Dou, K. & Situ, Q. M. (2014). The associations between self-consciousness and internalizing/externalizing problems among Chinese adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 37(5), 505-514.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569-582.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. & Morrow, J. (1993). Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 561–570.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B.E. & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking Rumination. Perspect Psychol. Sci.. 3(5), 400-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
  • Oral, T. & Arslan, C. (2017). Kişilerarası Hataya İlişkin Ruminasyon Ölçeği’ni Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(3), 101-107.
  • Özdemir, Y., Vazsonyi, A. T. & Çok, F. (2013). Parenting processes and aggression: The role of self-control among Turkish adolescents. Journal of Adolescent, 36, 65-77.
  • Peled, M. & Moretti, M.M. (2007). Rumination on anger and sadness in adolescence: fueling of fury and deepening of despair. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 36(1), 66-75.
  • Peled, M. & Moretti, M. M. (2009). Ruminating on rumination: are rumination on anger and sadness differentially related to aggression and depressed mood? Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32(1), 108-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-009-9136-2
  • Piquero, A. & Tibbetts, S. (1996). Specifying the direct and indirect effects of low self control and situational factors in offenders' decision making: Toward a more complete model of rational offending. Justice Quarterly, 13, 481-510.
  • Rocque, M., Posick, C. & Zimmerman, G.M. (2013). Measuring up: assessing the measurement properties of two self-control scales. Deviant Behavior, 34, 534–556.
  • Rusting, C. L. & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). Regulating responses to anger: effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(3), 790- 803.
  • Sarı, S.V., Kabadayı, F. & Şahin, M. (2017). Mesleki sonuç beklentisinin açıklanması: Öz-aşkınlık, öz-bilinç ve öz-kontrol/öz-yönetim. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 7(48), 145-159.
  • Seltzer, L (2016). Self-centeredness, the root of all (psychological) evil? psychology today. Posted 8/24/16. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolution-the-self/201608/selfabsorption-the-root-all-psychological-evil. (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2020)
  • Suhr, K. A. (2017). Examining the effects of trait rumination on hostile attribution bias. Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 3080. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3080 (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2020).
  • Tangney, J.P., Baumeister, R.F. & Boone, A.L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and ınterpersonal success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 271-324.
  • Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R. & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), 247–259.
  • Ülker, B.T. & Çakır, S.G. (2019). Öğretmenlerin eşli ruminasyon ve öz- duyarlık düzeyleri ile mesleki tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(4), 1393-1408.
  • van Dijk, A., Thomaes, S., Poorthuis, A.M.G. & de Castro, B.O. (2019). Can self-persuasion reduce hostile attribution bias in young children? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, 989–1000.
  • Vazsonyi, A., Trejos-Castillo, E. & Huang, L. (2006). Are developmental processes affected by immigration? Family processes, internalizing behaviors, and externalizing behaviors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 795–809.
  • Wang Y, Cao S, Dong Y. & Xia L-X (2019). Hostile attribution bias and angry rumination: A longitudinal study of undergraduate students. PLoS ONE, 14(5), e0217759. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0217759
  • Wilkowski, B.M. & Robinson, M.D. (2008). The cognitive basis of trait anger and reactive aggression: An integrative analysis. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 12(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1088868307309874 PMID: 18453470
  • Wu, J.K.F. & Watkins, D. (2006). Testing competing factor models underlying the private selfconsciousness scale with Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 34(10), 1245-1258.
  • Yıldız, M. & Eldeleklioğlu, J. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin depresyon düzeylerinin ruminasyon ve problem çözme becerileriyle ilişkisi. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 27-46, http://dx.doi.org/10.23863/kalem.2018.97
  • Yılmaz, A.E. (2014). Endişe ve ruminasyonun kaygı ve depresyon belirtileri üzerindeki rolü. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 25, 1-9.