EVLİLİĞİN NİTELİĞİ ÜZERİNE GELİŞTİRİLEN KAVRAMLARIN ORTAYA ÇIKARDIĞI ANLAM KARMAŞASI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Bu çalışmanın amacı evliliğin niteliğini ölçmek amacıyla ortaya konan kavramların sınırlarını belirlemek ve anlam içeriklerini netleştirmektir. Yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde bu kavramların ne anlama geldiği ve ne anlamda kullanılması gerektiği üzerinde bir mutabakatın olmadığı görülmektedir. Çalışmamızda bu bağlamda ilk olarak evlilik uyumu, evlilik doyumu, evlilik mutluluğu, evlilik istikrarı, evlilik bağlanımı ve evlilik çatışması kavramları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Evlilik doyumunun statik bir ürün olduğu, evlilik uyumunun ise durağan ya da anlık değil dinamik bir süreci ifade ettiği, evlilik doyumunun evlilik uyumundan farklı olarak, ilişkiye dair öznel değerlendirmelere vurgu yaptığı ifade edilmiştir. Ayrıca evlilik doyumunun bireysel algının öne çıktığı psikolojik temelli bir kavram, evlilik uyumunun ise bireysel algılardan daha çok, çiftlerin karşılıklı ilişkisini göz önünde bulunduran sosyal psikolojik temelli bir kavram olarak değerlendirildiği belirtilmiştir. Evlilik doyumu ve evlilik mutluluğunun içerik olarak birbirine yakın kavramlar oldukları, mutlulukta duygusal, doyumda ise bilişsel özelliklerin daha ön plana çıktığı vurgulanmıştır. Evlilik istikrarı ve evlilik bağlanımı kavramlarının evliliği devam ettirme ya da sona erdirme bağlamında ele alındığı, bu kavramlarla daha çok, ödül ve bedeli esas alan kuramlar çerçevesinde çalışmalar yapıldığı görülmüştür. Evlilik çatışmasının eşler arasındaki iletişim tarzı, kişilik uyumu ve yükleme tarzları gibi konulardan etkilendiği, bu konuya dair yapılan çalışmalarda genellikle çatışma çözüm tarzlarının kullanıldığı, çatışmanın her ne kadar olumsuz bir durum olarak düşünülse de evlilik yaşamının olağan bir sonucu olduğu ve seçilen çatışma tarzına göre ilişkiyi destekleyici ya da ilişkiye zarar verici olabileceği söylenmiştir. Diğer taraftan kavramların aynı anlama gelecek şekilde birbirinin yerine kullanılması, kavramlar arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkların net bir şekilde ortaya konmaması, bir kavram için farklı operasyonel tanımların geliştirilmesi gibi problemler ele alınmıştır. Son olarak ise bahsi geçen kavramları bünyesinde barındıracak bir çatı kavram olarak “evlilik kalitesi” önerilmiş ve diğer kavramların evlilik kalitesinin bir alt boyutu olarak değerlendirilmesinin daha uygun olacağı vurgulanmıştır.

AN EVALUATION ON THE AMBIGUITY CAUSED BY THE CONCEPTS DEVELOPED ON THE QUALITY OF MARRIAGE

The aim of this study is to determine the limits and clarify the meaning content of the concepts produced in order to measure the quality of marriage. When the studies are examined, it is seen that there is no agreement on what these concepts mean and in what sense they should be used. In this connection, we first tried to explain the concepts of marital adjustment, marital satisfaction, marital happiness, marital stability, marital commitment, and marital conflict. It is stated that marriage satisfaction is a static product, marriage adaptation refers to a dynamic process, not static or instantaneous, and unlike marital adjustment, marriage satisfaction emphasizes subjective evaluations of the relationship. In addition, it is stated that marriage satisfaction is considered as a psychological-based concept in which individual perception comes to the fore, and marital adjustment is considered as a social psychological-based concept that considers the interrelation of couples rather than individual perceptions. It is emphasized that marital satisfaction and marital happiness is similar concepts in terms of content, and emotional characteristics in happiness and cognitive characteristics in satisfaction come to the fore. It is seen that the concepts of marital stability and marital commitment are dealt with in the context of continuation or termination of marriage, and studies with these concepts are conducted within the framework of theories based on reward and cost. It is said that marriage conflict is influenced by issues such as communication style between spouses, personality adaptation and attribution styles, and conflict resolution styles are generally used in marital conflict studies. Although the conflict is considered as a negative situation, it is stated that the conflict is a normal outcome of the marital life and may support or damage the relationship according to the chosen conflict style. On the other hand problems such as using the concepts interchangeably, not revealing the similarities and differences between the concepts clearly, and developing different operational definitions for a concept are discussed. Finally, “marital quality” is proposed as a roof concept which contains the aforementioned concepts, and it is emphasized that it would be more appropriate to consider other concepts as a sub-dimension of marital quality.

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