YABANCI DİLDE DİNLEME KAYGISI ÖLÇEĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ

Bu araştırma, yabancı dil öğrenen bireylerin, yabancı dilde dinleme etkinlikleri sürecinde yaşadıkları kaygı düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla kullanılacak, geçerlik ve güvenirlik sınamaları yapılmış, özgün bir ölçme aracı geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ölçek geliştirme süreci, iki farklı örneklem grubundan elde edilen verilerle, açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) çalışması yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin faktör yapısını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen AFA çalışması, bir devlet üniversitesinin yabancı diller yüksekokulu İngilizce hazırlık sınıflarında, farklı kur düzeylerinde öğrenim gören ve amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemine göre seçilmiş 407 öğrenciden elde edilen verilerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. AFA sonucunda, toplam varyansın %53.20’ini açıklayan üç faktörlü bir yapıya ulaşılmıştır. Toplam 18 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin iç tutarlık katsayısı ise .90’dır. Ölçekte yer alan maddelerin faktör yükleri, en yüksek .84 ve en düşük .50 olmak üzere değişkenlik göstermektedir. Ölçek faktörleri ve faktörler altında sıralanan maddeler, alanyazında dinleme kaygısına yol açabileceği ifade edilen değişkenlerle önemli bir uyum göstermektedir. AFA’da ortaya çıkan üç faktörlü yapının test edilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilen DFA çalışması, yabancı diller yüksekokulu İngilizce hazırlık sınıflarında, farklı kur düzeylerinde öğrenim gören, AFA çalışmasına katılmamış 215 öğrenciden oluşan ikinci bir örneklem grubundan elde edilen verilerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. DFA çalışmasında, alanyazında sıklıkla kullanılan χ2/df oranı, RMSEA, SRMR, GFI, NNFI, CFI ve IFI uyum indekslerinden yararlanılmıştır. DFA çalışması sonucunda ortaya çıkan tüm değerler oldukça iyi düzeyde bir uyumun varlığını göstermektedir. Üç faktörlü yapı, toplam varyansın %53.87’sini açıklamaktadır. Ölçeğin iç tutarlık katsayısı ise .90’dır. AFA ve DFA çalışmalarıyla ulaşılan sonuçların işaret ettiği yüksek düzeyde uyum; ölçek bütünü, değişkenler ve faktörler bağlamında gözlemlenen iç tutarlık katsayılarının istatistiksel olarak yüksek değerler alması, geliştirilen ölçeğin yabancı dilde dinleme kaygısının ölçülmesi amacıyla kullanılabilecek, özgün, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

DEVELOPMENT OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE LISTENING ANXIETY SCALE

This study aims to develop an original instrument whose reliability and validation studies have been done and that can be used to identify the level of anxiety experienced by foreign language learners in the process of listening activities in a foreign language. The scale development process was carried out through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) studies on the data obtained from two different sample groups. The EFA which was carried out to determine the factor structure of the scale study was conducted on the data obtained from 407 students studying in different English proficiency level classes in the school of foreign languages at a state university. In the result of the EFA, a three-factor structure has been reached which explains 53.20% of the total variance. The internal consistency coefficient of the scale consisting of 18 items was calculated as .90. The factor loads of the items varied between minimum .50 and maximum .84. Both the factors and the items in the scale are very consistent with the variables in the literature that may cause listening anxiety. The CFA study conducted in order to test the structure consisting of three factors emerged in the EFA was carried out on the data achieved from the second sample group consisting of 215 students, studying in different English proficiency level classes in the same school of foreign languages, who didn’t participate in the EFA. In the CFA, fit indices such as χ2/df rate, RMSEA, SRMR, GFI, NNFI, CFI and IFI, which are frequently used in the literature, were utilized. All the values obtained in the CFA showed the presence of a good fit. The three-factor structure explained for 53.87% of the total variance. The internal consistency coefficient of the scale was .90. The good level of fit as indicated by the results of EFA and CFA studies; the good level of internal consistency coefficients observed both in the whole of the scale and in the context of the factors and variables show that the scale developed in this study which can be used to determine the level of foreign language listening anxiety is an original, reliable and valid instrument.

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