ULUSAL DIŞ POLİTİKALARIN AVRUPALILAŞMASI: KAVRAMSAL BİR TARTIŞMA

Bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği (AB) düzeyinde oluşturulan dış politika işbirliği süreçlerinin ulusal dış politikalar üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Avrupa bütünleşmesiyle ilgili mevcut literatürün büyük bir kısmı AB düzeyindeki gelişmeler ile ulusüstü kurumsallaşma ve politika yapma süreçlerinin üye ulus devletlere olan etkisini araştırmaya odaklanmıştır. Fakat Maastricht Antlaşması ile AB'nin kurumsal çatısı altında yer almaya başlayan dış politika alanı -üye ülkelerin kontrolünde olmasından dolayı- uzun bir süre bu incelemelerin dışında tutulmuştur. AB dış politikasının hükümetler arası niteliğe sahip olmasına rağmen Maastricht Antlaşması'ndan sonra AB düzeyinde dış politika alanının genişlemesi ve kurumsal yapıların büyümesi, üye ülkelerin ulusal dış politikalarında önemli değişiklikleri meydana getirmeye başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda egemenlik kaygıları neticesinde üye ülkelerin kontrolünde olacak şekilde kurgulanan AB dış politikasının üye ülkelerin ulusal dış politikalarındaki değişimleri nasıl ve ne şekilde ortaya çıkardığı bu çalışmanın temel sorunsalını oluşturmuştur. Bu kapsamda çalışmada öncelikle Avrupalılaşma kavramının kuramsal çerçevesi çizilecek ve Avrupalılaşmanın ulus devletler üzerinde nasıl ve hangi araçları kullanarak bir dönüşüme neden olduğu/olabildiği literatür ışığında açıklanacaktır. Avrupalılaşmanın, AB üyesi ülkelerin dış politika oluşturma süreçlerinde, kurumlarında ve tercihlerinde nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğunun, Avrupa dış politikasının oluşumunda hangi mekanizmaları kullandığının ve bunlara ne derece katkı sağladığı literatür çerçevesinde ele alınacaktır. Böylece, Avrupalılaşmanın ulusal dış politikalarda bir yakınlaşma mı yoksa bir farklılaşmayı mı ortaya çıkardığı gösterilmiş olacaktır

THE EUROPEANIZATION OF NATIONAL FOREIGN POLICIES: A CONCEPTUAL DISCUSSION

This study aims to investigate the effects of foreign policy cooperation processes laid down at European Union (EU) level on national foreign policies. Vast majority of the current literature on European integration focus on the impacts of developments at EU level, supra-national institutionalization and policy-making processes on member states. However, as the domain of foreign policy, which has been included within the institutional framework of the EU with the Maastricht Treaty, is under the control of member states, it has been excluded from these investigations for a long time. Even though the foreign policy of EU has an intergovernmental character, the expansion of the foreign policy domain and the development of institutional structures after the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty have introduced considerable changes in the national foreign policies of member states. In this context, the main problematic of this study is to examine how and in what ways EU foreign policy, which was designed to be under the control of member states as a result of concerns related with sovereignty, unveil the changes in member states’ foreign policies. In this context, the work will be drawn primarily theoretical framework of the concept of Europeanization and it will be explained in the light of the literature how and what the Europeanization has caused and transformed on the nation states. It will be discussed how Europeanization has influenced EU member countries in their foreign policy making processes, institutions and preferences, what mechanisms are used in the formation of European foreign policy, and to what extent it contribute to these processes. Thus it will be shown whether Europeanisation is a convergence in national foreign policy or a differentiation

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