TOTALİTER DEVLET MODELİNİN BAŞARISIZLIĞI OLARAK “ÖLÜM HÜKMÜ” ROMANINDA SİYASAL NESNELEŞTİRME VE ÜRETİM ANARŞİZMİ

Elçin Efendioğlu'nun 1989'da yazdığı Çağdaş Azerbaycan edebiyatının son dönem yapıtlarından olan Ölüm Hükmü romanını, SSCB'nin Tiranlığına karşı mücadele eden bir aydın neslinin romanıdır. Bu makale sistem tarafından zülüm ve şiddete maruz alan insanların, özellikle yürürlükteki siyasal rejim tarafından nasıl sömürüldüğünün sonuçlarını analiz etmeye çalışmaktadır. Devletin yönetme erkindeki baskı mekanizmaları, demokrasiyi sağlamakta yetersiz kalır. Özellikle Sosyalist sistemin sermaye endişesi, roman karakterleri üzerinde rahatlıkla gözlenebilecek siyasi nesneleşme ve üretim anarşizmini ortaya çıkarır. Bu bağlamda sistem tarafından şeytanlaştırılmış bir karakter olan Abdül Gafarzade, en önemli yozlaşma örneğidir. Ölüm Hükmü, bir örneğini de Gogol'un Ölü Canlar romanında görebileceğimiz bir mezarlık göstergesiyle bize modern insanın yüzünün çürümüş bir ifadesini verir. Abdül Gafarzade, ahlak ve metafizik değerler bütünlüğünü yıkan bir karakter olarak bir anlamda 20. Yüzyıl diktatörlüklerinin ve tiranlıklarının bir minyatürüdür. Bu bağlamda Ölüm Hükmü romanı, Sovyet diktesinden hareketle bütün evrensel insanın trajedisine kapı aralar. Çünkü sistemler insanı özünden koparıp, dönüştürüp, büyük bir mekanizmanın parçası yapmanın peşindedirler. Adı ister Sosyalizm ister Kapitalizm olsun, insanın var olan şartlarını ihlal eden her türlü müdahaleler, Ölüm Hükmü romanında karşılaşılabilecek trajedilerin peşinen kabulü anlamına gelmektedir. Dolayısıayla bir bir romancı olarak Elçin, sistem tarafından baskı altına alınmış karakterler üzerinden, sadece ulusunu değil; evrensel insanlığın trajedisin dillendirir. Edebî açıdan onu önemli yapandan bu yönüdür

POLITICAL OBJECTIFICATION AND PRODUCTION ANARCHIZM IN THE “DEALT RULE” NOVEL AS THE FAILURE OF THE TOTALITARIAN STATE MODEL

It is the novel of an intellectual neslin who fought against the tsarism of the USSR, the novel of death sentence, which was one of his period works of contemporary Azerbaijani literature written by Elçin Efendioğlu in 1989. This article tries to analyze the results of how people who have been exposed to impatience and violence by the system, especially by the current political regime, have been exploited. The repressive mechanisms of the government of the state are insufficient to provide democracy. Especially the concern of capital of the Socialist system reveals political objectification and production anarchism which can be easily observed on novel characters. Abdul Gafarzade, a character demonized by the system in this context, is an important example of corruption. Ölüm Hükmü gives us a rotten expression of the face of a modern man with a cemetery demonstration of which we can see in the novel of Gogol's Dead Creatures. Abdul Gafarzade is a miniature of the dictatorships and tyrannies of the 20th century in a sense as a character that breaks the integrity of morality and metaphysical values. In this context, the Ölüm Hükmü is a door to the tragedy of the whole universal man, moving from the Soviet standpoint. Because systems are trying to rip people apart from their essence, transform and make them part of a great mechanism. Whether its name is Socialism or Capitalism, any kind of interference that violates the existing conditions of man means the acceptance of tragedies ahead of time in the novel of Ölüm Hükmü.Thus, as a novelist, the Envoy is not only a nation, the tragedy of universal humanity. From a literary point of view, it is important in this direction Human history is the history of the search for a system that can build on the conscious living ideal. Politics, on the other hand, is a field in which a number of public devices are developed to correct the situation of the human being in the historical process in which the ideas are multiplied and proposed as a human action field on the open field of this systematic effort. But this developed device or state model, in its initial stages, loses its healing axis and moral paradigms for human beings between stages of the outcome, and often becomes a degenerate idiosyncratic feature. Perhaps the goal for politics is not ideal; but in most cases systems can not recover from corruption. How is that public systemized and what is the state? The state, as defined in its simplest form, is a political union that establishes a dominant jurisdiction and enforces authority through permanent institutions; Hobbes likens this situation to 'leviathan', the giant monster; Weber says the state is monopolized by legitimate means of violence. Especially in the political program that Plato used to describe the state, attempting to seek a holistic ideal and to systematize the knowledge of total inclusive citizenship opens up the dangers of totalitarianism to open society. The ideal of establishing a competent state in which every citizen will be truly happy; may mean, on the other hand, that the boundaries of the state ideology of a society-obscured society belonging to the community can be determined. It is the novel of an intellectual neslin who fought against the tsarism of the USSR, the novel of death sentence, which was one of his period works of contemporary Azerbaijani literature written by Elçin Efendioğlu in 1989. This article tries to analyze the results of how people who have been exposed to impatience and violence by the system, especially by the current political regime, have been exploited. The repressive mechanisms of the government of the state are insufficient to provide democracy. Especially the concern of capital of the Socialist system reveals political objectification and production anarchism which can be easily observed on novel characters. Abdul Gafarzade, a character demonized by the system in this context, is an important example of corruption. Ölüm Hükmü gives us a rotten expression of the face of a modern man with a cemetery demonstration of which we can see in the novel of Gogol's Dead Creatures. Abdul Gafarzade is a miniature of the dictatorships and tyrannies of the 20th century in a sense as a character that breaks the integrity of morality and metaphysical values. In this context, the Ölüm Hükmü is a door to the tragedy of the whole universal man, moving from the Soviet standpoint. Because systems are trying to rip people apart from their essence, transform and make them part of a great mechanism. Whether its name is Socialism or Capitalism, any kind of interference that violates the existing conditions of man means the acceptance of tragedies ahead of time in the novel of Ölüm Hükmü. Abdul Gafarzade shows a political object example like Hıdır, Mürşüt Gülcanî and Ferit Kâzım characters in the Ölüm Hükmü novel. Gafarzade was conceived as the revolutionary subject of the proletariat against its subjugating consequences of capitalism. In the decision-making mechanism within the political system, Gafarzade is, of course, under guardianship. Free individual acts are not seen in this character, but the subject is closed as the society is closed against the threats of the system from outside. In addition, the individual who is brought down to the object position from the state of political subject by the actual state ideology emerges in two basic categories in which it emerges: the passive / passive other; day person and aggressive other. Gafarzade is the 'aggressive other' here. Though the decision maker is an objectified device of the will, he can easily pass through the stage of action beyond the reflections of the emerging threats to the external system and actively defend the current state ideology. Such a style of defense is not a form of defense of moral healing, national consciousness and cultural-historical memory, but is conditioned by the system to become monotized / reified and turned into an object in terms of political references. As Karl Popper tells his followers of the socialist system, this process of communism prevents people from seeing events that happen in their own ages before their eyes and sometimes by their participation. Perhaps living historiography or the prophecy of building Marx's future can be perceived as normality or an expected prosperous social phenomenon for the people waiting for this revolution; but that is not the case. The subject, which is characterized as revolutionary and designed designed by the system, has become objectified, deconstructed, instrumentalized. Gafarzade thinks about the given world as every Marxist. Hence, modus operandi does not allow an exotic mechanism, dominated by the system itself, in the idea that the infrastructural elements for superstructural elements can be understood through comprehension in relation to the concrete forms of logic first established; for this reason the normalized logic determination of the expression of Gafarzade's character, the form of perception for Soviet society; that is, komsomolun reveals the way of perceiving the world. This can, of course, be identified in the Western encyclopedia with the 'State Benefit' for Machiavelli, or, naturally, a politics devoid of any moral binding but the dimension of the political corruption in the Soviet system is stinking and dirty at the expense of Machiavellianism, even with the desire for bad policy. Based on all these things, Elçin's Ölüm Hükmü novel is a remarkable example of corruption in terms of Abdül Gafarzade character enslaved by the system at the center of the communist state ideology. Gafarzade is designed as a subject that is objectified by power and exhibits economic instrumentality in the field of production-oriented activity, for the legal responsibility of the citizenship knowledge defined in the public space. Under the influence of ontological consistency and systemic utility principle, Gafarzade forms the social core model of corruption in terms of the communist system. The features he points out emphasize the framework of pre-consciousness perception of the world, the monotheized human being. But what is done in the name of the system results in moral collapse and corruption that even the character can not realize. The economic obsession can not contribute to human progress with the success it has provided in establishing monetary assets

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