TERİM, BİLİM VE DİL BİLİMİ

Dil, dünyayı bilimsel anlamanın, ilmi gaye ve kuralları kayda geçirmenin esas vasıtasıdır. İşte bunun için de belli bir bilim dalının gelişim evrelerini mezkûr bilimin oluşturulduğu doğal dilin gelişmesinden ayrı bir halde düşünülemez. Herhangi bir bilim dalını öğrenmek ve o fenle ilgili geniş bilgiye sahip olabilmak için onun alfabesinden, yani terminolojisinden haberdar olmak gerekir. Biliyoruz ki, bilimin genel kavramları doğrudan terimlerle açıklanır. Terimlerin herhangi bilim dilinin temelini oluşturduğu ile ilgili kural günümüzde aksiyom haline gelmiştir. İşte bu yüzden araştırmacılar haklı olarak fen dili sorununu terimbilimsel sorun olarak ele alınmalı, diye vurgularlar. Ne yazık ki, çağdaş Özbek dil biliminde ya da diğer halkların dil biliminde hatta "terim" kavramının bile tek ve geçerli açıklaması yapılmamıştır. Terminoloji sorunlarıyla ilgili dünya dil biliminde sayısız araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Buna rağmen hala "terim"in yirmiden fazla açıklaması bilimsel kullanımda mevcuttur. Bu açıklamalar ne derece farklı olsa bile onların temelinde "özel kavrama ad olan dil birimi" biçimindeki izah cümle yer alır. İşte bu cümle diğer açıklamaların tamamını bir araya getirir. Lengüistik edebiyatlarda tüm bilimlerdeki terimlere konulan talepler, terimlerin genel zaruri belirtileri sayılır. Terimlerin kısa, belirgin, tek anlamlı, tek şekilli olması hakkındaki taleplerin önemli olduğu günümüz araştırmacıları tarafından da sürekli tekit edilir. Birçok araştırmacının fikrine göre bilim dili her zaman terim ve anlam arasındaki sıkı ilişkinin kararlı olmasına bağlıdır. Makalede terim, bilim ve dil bilimi arasındaki ilişki ve terim sorunları ela alınmıştır

TERMS, SCIENCE AND LINGUISTICS

Language is a vital means in apprehension of world science, implementation of scientific ideology and rules. This is why development of a particular science is considered in association with the natural language, created along with the very science. Plenty of researchers had reiteratively underlined mutual correlation between a particular science and language development. A concept of anthropocentric paradigm has become actual presently. According to thisconcept, human conscious and world apprehension is directly related to the language. Due to unimaginative rapid development of science and technnics in new century, creation of new technologies and appearance of interactive sciences,a logical origin of emergent issues of terminology are possessing a vital role.One should be well acquainted with initial alphabet up to the terminology in order to learn and master a particular science. Minor either major concepts of any science are directly expressed vide its terms. Issues of Uzbek language terminology, terms of various spheres, though have not been researched by means of anthropocentric paradigma, had been widely learned and many researches implemented on this matter. Presently, consideration of terms as a basis of a language had already become an axiom. This is why it is very well justified that scientists and researchers underline a necessity of apprehension towards any science through a prism of a language, first of all, through a terminological issue. But it should be mentioned that there is no a single definition of a "term", neither in Uzbek philology nor in other world linguistics. A plenty of researches in the sphere of linguistics were written in regards to the issues of terminology. Notwithstanding this, there are almost twenty definitions of a "term" being used so far. Though these definitions do vary from each other, hence the basis of them consist of interpretation of a term with its logical-lingual aspect as a "language unit nominating a specific concept". Undoubtedly, precisely this interpretation unites all these definitions Language is a main instrument of scientific cognition of the world, and consolidation of scientific notions and rules. This is why development of a particular science is considered in association with the natural language, in which it was created. Plenty of researchers had reiteratively underlined mutual correlation between a particular science and language development. A concept of anthropocentric paradigm has been stabilized in world linguistics. According to this concept, human mind and cognition of the world is directly related to the language. The problems of terminology are fairly important in the new century, when science and techniques is developing rapidly and new technologies are created, integrated sciences are emerged.In order to learn and master a particular science one should be well acquainted with its alphabet, which is its terminology. Any basic concepts of the science are expressed via terms. Issues of Uzbek language terminology, terms of various spheres, though have not been researched by means of anthropocentric paradigm, had been widely learned and many researches implemented on this matter. In Uzbek linguistics, the problems of terminology, terms of various fields have been studied widely, even though they did not use anthropocentric approach. It is axiomatic that the terms are the basis of the language of any science. Therefore, the researchers assert that the problem of science language, first of all, must be considered as a terminological problem. However, we have to note that neither in Uzbek linguistics nor in any other linguistics of the world there is not single definition of the term “term”. Plenty of studies devoted to the problems of terminology in the world linguistics, but still about 20 definitions of the “term” are used. Even though these definitions differ from each other, their basis is the interpretation related to logical and linguistic essence of the term, which says “language unit which nominates special concept”. Precisely this interpretation unites all these definitions. Requirements on terms in all the sciences, essential curriculum signs of terms are mentioned in various linguistic literatures. Particularly: term is of a single concept either has a single concept tendency; having a precise and nominative function - it can't carry emotional, expressive and modal functions. Term reserves its features even beyond the context; term's meaning is equal to a concept; term is neutral in stylistic aspect; terminological vocabulary is a separate system; term is a function... Difference of a term from a simple word by these 6 features is mentioned in almost all the linguistic literatures. According to nowadays researchers, vitality of requirements towards a term, scoping it to be rigid, precise, of a single concept and single shape, hence a science always strives for eternity of relations between a sign (term) and meaning. A logical question arises: Are these requirement related to the terms of all the science languages without exception? Undoubtedly, it is not right to give an affirmative answer to this question. Science participates in creation of a scientific picture of the world; conclusions made in science finally shape a unique scientific picture of the world. As asserted by researchers, all knowledge determined by particular science during a particular period of human society is considered to be a picture of the world. Along with this, picture of the world has its national reflection in every language, i.e., national-lingual picture of the world is presented. One part of national-lingual picture of the world is, undoubtedly, a terminology. A vivid presence of lingual-cultural aspects in a language had paved the way for origination of a separate lingual-cultural discipline in anthropocentric linguistics. It is not possible that the terms which are special units of the language, do not carry lingual-cultural elements, , especially in the field of humanities, because humanities reflect social, economical and cultural aspects of nations. Natural and exact sciences study objective events which do not depend on humans. Therefore, the concepts underlie those terms do not have lingual-cultural feature. But even some technical terms which express using mechanisms (tools, instruments), may include lingual-cultural information. We can say that the language of humanities, particularly their terminological systems, cannot be exclusive of lingual-cultural mentality and emotional expressivity. In other words, the language of humanities differing from natural and exact sciences should not be bare, “in abeyance”. In the language of humanities one should feel richness, impressiveness, “warmness” of each natural language. We have to mention that humanities are oriented to wide audience, not to the specialists in narrow field as it is in natural sciences. Generally, the level of development of linguistics which studies terms in the language of science, the requirements to the terms in humanities and natural and exact sciences should not be similar.

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