FERAH ÇEKİCİ, RAŞİT AVCI, OĞUZHAN ÇOLAKKADIOĞLU

PSİKOLOJİK DANIŞMADA POSTMODERNİST BİR SÜPERVİZYON YÖNTEMİ: YANSITICI EKİP UYGULAMASI

Bu çalışma, Batı'da 1980'li yıllardan bu yana aile ve evlilik danışması alanında kullanılan yansıtıcı ekip yönteminin psikolojik danışma sürecinde kullanımı, uygulama prosedürü, sürece katkıları ve sınırlılıkları konularında bilgi vermek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu yenilikçi yaklaşımda süpervizörler, psikolojik danışma ortamında bulunmakta ve süreci takip etmektedirler. Yansıtıcı ekip belirli aralıklarla süreç ile ilgili hem psikolojik danışmana hem de danışan(lar)a kendi aralarında konuşarak geribildirim vermektedir. Konuşma aralarının sonlanmasının ardından psikolojik danışman ve danışan(lar), yansıtıcı ekip tarafından verilen geribildirimler hakkında konuşmaktadırlar. Yansıtıcı Ekip tekniğini uygulamanın genel olarak üç temel kuralı bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi, düşüncelerin farklı olmasıdır. Yani, ne kadar farklı bakış açısı olursa psikolojik danışma süreci o denli olumluya doğru yönlenecektir. İkincisi yansımaların mutlaka danışanların pozitif güçlü yanlarına yönelik olması ve danışana değişme konusunda motivasyon sağlamak için düşüncelerini yansıtmasıdır. Sonuncusu ise yansıtıcı ekibin üyelerinin yorumlamalarında mutlaka bir farklılık yaratmaya yönelik geribildirimde bulunmalarıdır. Bu bağlamda yansıtıcı ekip danışanlara farklı bakış açıları kazandırmakta ve danışanda çok derin duygusal bir etkinin ortaya çıkmasına da yardımcı olmaktadır. Psikolojik danışmanlar açısından da danışmanların süreçte tıkandıkları noktalarda nasıl ilerleyebileceklerine ilişkin anında geribildirim verilmekte ve onlara psikolojik danışma becerilerini geliştirmeleri için yaşantısal öğrenme fırsatı sunulmaktadır. Sonuç olarak bu tekniğin Türkiye'de hem bireyle psikolojik danışma alanında hem de aile danışmanlığı alanında gerçekleştirilecek süpervizyon çalışmalarına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir

A POSTMODERN APPROACH TO PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING: REFLECTING TEAM TECHNIQUE

The aim of this study is to provide information about the utilization and application procedure of reflecting team approach in counseling process as well as the contributions and limitations of this approach that has been implemented in marriage and family counseling in Western literature since 1980s. In this novel approach, supervisors are present in the counseling setting and follow the process. Reflecting teams periodically give feedback to both counselor and client(s) about the process. Psychological counselor and the client(s) discuss about this feedback. Through reflecting team applications, rapidly and profoundly advanced new information and realities emerge. Reflecting team method has three main rules that must be paid attention to while using in psychological counseling. According to the first rule, reflections must be various. That is, the more different perspectives members of the reflecting team present, the more improvement can be accessed in the counseling process. According to the second rule, reflections must focus on the positive aspects, i.e., strengths of the client(s). So, reflecting team must make reflections so as to provide the client with motivation to change by emphasizing positive aspects of them in the counseling process. Lastly, members of the reflecting team must give feedback in an attempt to make a difference while reflecting Reflecting teams provide client(s) with different perspectives and also facilitate the emergence of deep emotional influences in client(s). From the standpoint of psychological counselors, reflecting team process gives spontaneous feedback to counselors when they are choked up at certain points in the process and also presents experiential learning opportunities to counselors in order to improve their counseling skills. To conclude, this technique is assumed to provide contributions for both family counseling and individual counseling for psychology professions in Turkey

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