Müzeler Karantinada!

Müzelerin mevcut tanımı, işlevleri, faaliyet alanları ve dijitalleşme sürecinin tartışıldığı bu dönemde, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün yeni koronavirüs sebebiyle pandemi ilân etmesi, tüm sektörlerde olduğu gibi, müzecilik sektöründe de yeni bir dönemin başlayacağının işareti olmuştur. Pandemi döneminde ziyarete kapanan müzeler, entelektüel ve olanaklara erişimi dijital platformlar veya çevrimiçi etkinlikler aracılığıyla devam ettirmeye çalışsalar da, gerek bina ve koleksiyonların koruma ve güvenlik önlemlerinin gerekse personel, ziyaretçi ve etkinlik yönetiminin gözden geçirileceği açıktır. Pandemi sürecinin müzelere etkisini değerlendirmek üzere yapılan uluslararası ölçekteki araştırma sonuçlarına göre, pandemi sonrası dönemde küçük ölçekli müzeler ile özel fonlarla desteklenen müzelerin finansal sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalacağı, bazı müzelerin ise tekrar ziyarete açılamayacağı öngörülmektedir. Öte yandan müze yöneticileri ve uzmanlar, pandemi dönemi ve sonrasında müze ve personelin finansal ihtiyaçları, bina yönetimi, koleksiyonların korunması ve güvenliği, müzelerin iletişim etkinlikleri, pandemi hazırlık ve müdahale planları gibi konularla ilgili çalışmaya başlamışlardır. Bu çerçevede makalenin araştırma soruları şunlardır: Pandemi döneminde müzelerin toplumsal görev ve sorumlulukları nelerdir? Pandeminin müzelerin işleyişine etkisi nedir? Müzelerin pandemi hazırlık ve müdahale planları nasıl olmalıdır? Fiziksel erişimin mümkün olmadığı pandemi döneminde müzeler entelektüel ve olanaklara erişimi nasıl sağlamalıdırlar? Pandemi sonrası dönemde müzelerin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlayacak unsurlar nelerdir? Makalenin amacı; pandemi döneminde müzelerin toplumsal rolü; koleksiyonların korunması ve güvenliği ile müzelerin pandemi hazırlık planları; pandemi döneminin müzelere kısa ve uzun vadeli etkileri; müzelerin iletişim aracı olarak tercih ettikleri dijital platformlar ve çevrimiçi etkinlikler hakkında bilgi vermek, atılacak adımlara dair öneriler sunmaktadır. Makalenin kapsamı yurt dışındaki müzeler ve müzecilik birliklerinin çalışmaları ve uygulamaları ile sınırlı tutulmuş olmakla birlikte, tespitler ve öneriler sadece yurt dışındaki müzeler ve müzecilik alanı için değil, Türkiye için de geçerli olacak niteliktedir. Makalede araştırma yöntemi olarak literatür tarama kullanılmış; uluslararası alanda hizmet veren müzecilik birliklerinin pandemi ve müzelerle ilgili güncel araştırmaları ve raporları; yurt dışındaki müzelerin ve ilgili kurumların web siteleri, çevrimiçi etkinlikleri, elektronik yayınları ve sosyal medya hesapları incelenmiştir. Makalede pandeminin müzelere olumlu ve olumsuz yönden etkileri değerlendirilmekte; pandemi dönemi ve sonrasının gerek yurt dışındaki gerekse Türkiye’deki müzeler için, müzelerin mevcut tanımı, işlevleri, yönetimi ve faaliyet alanlarının tekrar gözden geçirilmesi yönünde fırsat sağladığı sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Museums in Quarantine!

In this period when the current definition, functions, fields of activity and digitalization process of museums were discussed, the World Health Organization’s announcement of pandemic due to the new coronavirus marked the beginning of a new area in the museum sector, as in all sectors. Although museums try to maintain intellectual and facility access through digital platforms or online activities during their closures, it is clear that the conservation and security measures of building and collections as well as staff, visitor and event management will be revised. According to the results of the researches conducted to evaluate the impact of the pandemic process on museums, it is foreseen that the small-scale museums and museums supported by private funds will face financial problems in the post-pandemic period, and some of the museums will not be opened to the visitors again. On the other hand, museum directors and experts have started to work on issues such as financial needs of the museum and staff, facility management, conservation and security measures of collections, museum communication activities during and after the pandemic period as well as pandemic preparedness and response plans. In this context research questions of the article are as follows: What are the social duties and responsibilities of museums during the pandemic period? What is the effect of pandemic on the functioning of museums? How should be the pandemic preparedness and response plans of museums? How should museums provide intellectual and facility access when physical access is not possible? What are the elements that will ensure the sustainability of museums in the post-pandemic period? The purpose of article is to provide information about the social role of museums during the pandemic period; conservation and security of collections and pandemic preparedness plans of museums; short and long term effects of the pandemic period on museums; digital platforms and online activities preferred by museums as a means of communication; and to propose steps to be taken. While the scope of article is limited with the studies and practices of museums and museum associations in abroad, findings and recommendations will not only valid for museums and museum field in abroad, but also for Turkey. Literature review was used a research method in the article; current pandemic and museum related researches and reports of the international museum associations; websites, online activities, electronic publications and social media accounts of museums and related institutions in abroad were examined. In the article, the positive and negative effects of pandemic to the museums are evaluated; it is concluded that pandemic and post-pandemic period provide an opportunity for reconsideration of the current museum definition, functions, management and fields of activity both for museums in abroad and Turkey.

___

AAMa. (13 Mart 2020). Using Scenarios to Plan Your Museum’s COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Response. Centre for the Future of Museums Blog. https://www.aamus.org/2020/03/13/using-scenarios-to-plan-your-museums-covid-19-coronavirus-response/
AAMb. (19 Mart 2020). Urge congress to support museum community economic relief. https://www.aam-us.org/2020/03/19/urge-congress-to-support-museum-communityeconomic-relief/
AAMc. (25 Mart 2020). 4 ways museums can succesfully leverage digital content and channels during coronavirus (COVID-19). https://www.aam-us.org/2020/03/25/4-ways-museumscan-successfully-leverage-digital-content-and-channels-during-coronavirus-covid-19/
AAMd. (2020). American Civil War Museum: COVID-19 Action Plan (Draft). https://www.aamus.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Coronoa-Virus-Strategies_DRAFT-003.pdf
AAMe. (2020). COVID-19 Resources & Information for the Museum Field. https://www.aamus.org/programs/about-museums/covid-19-resources-information-for-the-museum-field/
Adams, G. K. (12 Mart 2020). Coronavirus: How will it affect museums and what can be done to mitigate the impact? Museums Association News. https://www.museumsassociation.org/news/10032020-coronavirus-impact-museumsgalleries
Art Fund. (28 Mayıs 2020). COVID-19 Impact: Museum Sector Research Findings Summary Report. https://www.artfund.org/assets/downloads/art-fund-covid19-research-report.pdf
Apple. (t.y.). Podcast Nedir? https://www.apple.com/tr/itunes/podcasts/fanfaq.html CCI. (17 Nisan 2020). Caring for Heritage Collections during the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/conservation-preservationpublications/canadian-conservation-institute-notes/caring-heritage-collectionscovid19.html
Childrens Museums Blog. (28 Şubat 2020). ACM Resources to Help Guide Your Museum’s Response to Coronavirus. https://childrensmuseums.blog/2020/02/28/museums-responsecoronavirus/
Dawson, A. (13 Mart 2020). On coronavirus lockdown? The top online museum and art tours to enjoy from home. The Art Newspaper. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/feature/oncoronavirus-lockdown-the-top-online-museum-and-art-tours
Hickley, C. (28 Mayıs 2020). Five European museum directors explain their reopening strategies. The Art Newspaper. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/the-long-road-tonormality?fbclid=IwAR1f0TyPb4xyK1TFcesa7MYTKnfZa7bJMoifh_gQ1J84UMBEAMrE-OvRRM
ICOMa. (12 Mart 2020). How to reach -and engage- your public remotely? https://icom.museum/en/news/how-to-reach-and-engage-your-public-remotely/
ICOMb. (26 Mayıs 2020). Report: Museums, museum professionals and COVID-19. https://icom.museum/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Report-Museums-and-COVID-19.pdf
ICOMc. (2020). Conservation of museum collections. https://icom.museum/en/covid19/resources/conservation-of-musem-collections/
ICOMd. (2020). Statement on the necessity for relief funds for museums during the COVID-19 crisis. https://icom.museum/en/news/statement-on-the-necessity-for-relief-funds-formuseums-during-the-covid-19-crisis/
ICOMe. (2020). Webinar - Coronavirus (COVID-19) and museums: Impact, innovations and planning for post-crisis. https://icom.museum/en/news/webinar-coronavirus-covid-19-andmuseums-impact-innovations-and-planning-for-post-crisis/
International Communication Union. (2019). Measuring digital development: Facts and figures 2019. ITU Publications. https://www.itu.int/en/ITUD/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2019.pdf
İKSV. (Nisan 2020). Pandemi Sırasında Kültür-Sanatın Birleştirici Gücü ve Alanın İhtiyaçları. https://www.iksv.org/i/assets//iksv/documents/Pandemi_Sirasinda_Kultur_Sanatin_Birlesti rici_Gucu_ve_Alanin_Ihtiyaclari_Nisan_2020.pdf
Kennedy, R. (04 Haziran 2020). COVID-19 Collections Care Resources. https://www.iccrom.org/sites/default/files/COVID19%20Collections%20Care%20Resources.pdf
Metropolitan Museum. (24 Mart 2020). Metropolitan Museum launches #CongressSaveCulture campaign to advocate for federal relief funds for non-profit cultural sector. https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2020/met-museum-launches-congresssaveculturecampaign
MuDA. (t.y.). Corona Creative Classes. https://muda.co/ccc/
Museum of Science. (Mart 2020). Epidemic Disease & Pandemic Response Policy. https://www.mos.org/sites/develvis.mos.org/files/docs/misc/Museum%20of%20Science%2 0-%20Pandemic%20Response%20Policy.pdf
National Foundation for Infectious Diseases. (22 Mayıs 2018). #Outbreak: Epidemics in a Connected World. https://www.nfid.org/2018/05/22/outbreak-epidemics-in-a-connectedworld/
NEMO. (12 Mayıs 2020). Survey on the impact of the COVID-19 situation on museums in Europe Final Report. https://www.nemo.org/fileadmin/Dateien/public/NEMO_documents/NEMO_COVID19_Report_12.05.20 20.pdf
Sholts, S. (26 Şubat 2020). How museums can help the public make sense of pandemics? Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/howmuseums-can-help-public-make-sense-pandemics-180974281/
Smithsonian Cultural Rescue Initiative. (2020). COVID-19 Resource Hub. https://culturalrescue.si.edu/hentf/major-disasters/current-disasters/#top
UNESCO. (Mayıs 2020). UNESCO Report: Museums around the World in the face of COVID-19. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373530
Whiddington, R. (14 Şubat 2020). Virtual tours and gamification, China’s museums pivot content for coronavirus. Jing Travel. https://jingtravel.com/virtual-tours-gamification-onlineexhibitions-chinas-museums-coronavirus