KİŞİLERARASI İLETİŞİM ÖLÇEĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ: GÜVENİRLİK VE GEÇERLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Kişilerarası iletişim, insanoğlunun iletişim etkinliklerinin en önemli ögelerinden biridir ve bazı özgün özelliklere sahiptir. Bu özellikler şu biçimde açıklanabilir: Kişilerarası iletişim kaçınılmazdır. İletişim kurmamak bir seçenek değildir; aslında iletişim kurmamak bile bir şekilde iletişimdir. Kişilerarası iletişim aynı zamanda geri döndürülemez, karmaşık ve bağlamsaldır. Bütün bu özellikler, kişilerarası iletişimi derinlemesine incelenmesi gereken iletişim olgusu haline getirir. Bu çalışma bir kişilerarası iletişim ölçeğinin geliştirilmesine ilişkin araştırmayı sunmaktadır. Yapılan güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizleri sonucunda kişilerarası iletişim eğilimlerini ölçmeyi amaçlayan yedi maddelik bir ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Kişilerarası İletişim Ölçeği (KİÖ) iki faktörlüdür: Dışa Yönelik Algı ve İçsel Paylaşım. Dışa yönelik algı, kişinin başkalarıyla etkileşim kurma yeteneğini ifade eder; içsel paylaşım ise kişinin iletişim kurarken başkalarıyla arasındaki mesafeyi kaldırma arzusunu ifade eder. Bu iki faktörün bileşenleri çeşitli iletişim, kendi kendini aldatma, sosyal çekicilik ve cinsiyet ölçekleri kullanılarak iki ayrı çalışmada saptanmıştır. Dışa yönelik algının bireyin algılama yeteneğini, cinsiyet faktörünü ve başkalarıyla iletişim kurma yeteneğini yordadığı belirlenmiştir. İçsel paylaşımın bireyin iletişim isteğini ve iletişim kurma açısından esnekliğini ve yeteneğini yordadığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan istatistik analizleri sonucunda geliştirilen ölçeğin güvenilir ve geçerli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada geliştirilen ölçek, farklı alanlardaki kişilerarası iletişim araştırmalarında güvenilir bir veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılabilecektir. Çalışma, gelecekte yapılacak benzer nitelikteki araştırmalar için kimi çıkarımlarla sonlandırılmıştır

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SCALE: THE STUDY OF VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

Interpersonal communication is one of the crucial elements of human communication. Interpersonal communication has some authentic features. It is inescapable. Not communicating is not an option; even the act of not communicating communicates something. It is also irreversible, complex and contextual. All these characteristics make interpersonal communication as a communicative phenomenon to be studied in depth. This study reports the development process of an interpersonal communication scale. As a result of reliability and validity studies a seven-item questionnaire is developed in order to investigate interpersonal communication tendencies of persons. Interpersonal Communication Scale (ICS) has two factors: External Perception and Internal Disseverance. External Perception defines an individual’s ability to interact with others, and Internal Disseverance refers to one’s desire to remove the distance between the individual, which they are communicating. The components of these two factors were explored in two studies using various measures of communication, self-deception, social desirability, and gender. External perception was found to predict an individual’s perception ability, gender, and their ability to communicate with others. Internal disseverance was discovered to predict an individual’s desire to communicate, flexibility and competence in regards to communication. At the end of statistical analyses, the scale is verified as a reliable and valid tool. The ICS developed in this study can be used as a reliable data collection instrument for the studies in interpersonal communication field for various contexts. The paper concludes some implications for further research

PDF

___

Akdemir, A. S. (2016). Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in L2: An Affective Construct of Language Learning Process. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(3), 839-854.
Akdemir, A. S., & Takkaç, M. (2016). Extraversion and Female EFL Learners as Listeners: A Qualitative Investigation. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(8), 1802-1808.
Akın, A., Yalnız, A., & Kazaz, N. (2015). Kısaltılmış öğrenci iletişim doyumu ölçeği Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Electronic Turkish Studies, 10(11), pp. 17-24.
Algren, M., & Eichhorn, K. C. (2011). Cognitive communication competence within public relations practitioners: Examining gender differences between technicians and managers. Public Relations Review, 33, 77-83.
Archer, D., & Costanzo, M. (Directors). (1989). The Interpersonal Perception Task (IPT) [Motion Picture].
Bakke, E. (2010). A model and measure of mobile communication competence. Human Communication Research, 36, 348-371.
Bargh, J. A. (1988). Automatic information processing: Implications for communication and affect. In L. Conohew, Communication, social cognitinon, and affect (pp. 9-32). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
Baudrillard, J. (1988). Simulacra and Simulations. (M. Poster, Ed.) Palo Alto, California: Stanford University Press.
Burman, D. D., Bitan, T., & Booth, J. R. (2008). Sex differences in neural processing of language among children. Neuropsychologia, 46, 1349-1362.
Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Tassinary, L. G. (1988). Communication, social cognition, and affect: A psychophysiological approach. In L. Donohew, Communication, social cognition, and affect (pp. 219-245). Hillsdale, New Jersey: lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
Caughlin, J. P. & Basinger, E. (2015). Measuring Interpersonal Communication. The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. 1–14.
Caughlin, J. P., Basinger, E. D., & Sharabi, L. L. (2016). The Connections between Communication Technologies and Relational Conflict. In J. A. Samp, Communicating Interpersonal Conflict in Close Relationships: Contexts, Challenges, and Opportunities (pp. 57-72). New York: Routledge.
Cegala, D. J. (2011). Interaction involvement: A cognitive dimension of communicative competence. Communication Education, 30, 109-121.
Clark, R. A. (1991). Studying interpersonal communicaiton. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publication.
Costanzo, M., & Archer, D. (1991). A method for teaching about verbal and nonverbal communication. Teaching of Psychology, 18(4), 223-226.
Crown, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desireability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349-354.
DeVito, J. A. (2001). The interpersonal communication book (Ninth ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Duran, R. L. (1983). Communicative adaptability: A measure of social communicative competence. Communication Quarterly, 31(4), 320-326.
Duran, R. L. (1992). Communication adaptability: A review of conceptualization and measurement. Communication Quarterly, 40(3), 253-268.
Galvin, K. M., Bylund, C. L., & Brommel, M. J. (2012). Family communication: Cohesion and change (Eighth ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Education, Inc.
Göker, G. (2015). İletişimin McDonaldlaşması: Sosyal medya üzerine bir inceleme. Electronic Turkish Studies, 10(2) pp. 389-410.
Gur, R. C., & Sackeim, H. A. (1979). Self-Deception: A concept in search of a phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(2), 147-169.
Hatcher, L. (1994). A step-by-step approach to using the SAR(R) system for factor analysis and structural equasion modeling. Cary, North Carolina: SAS Institure.
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hullman, G. A. (2007). Communicative adaptabitly scale: Evaluating its use as an 'other-report' measure. Communication Reports, 20(2), 51-74.
Hwang, Y. (2011). Is communicatino competence still good for interpersoanl media?: Mobile phone and instant messenger. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 924-934.
Martin, M. M., & Anderson, C. M. (1998). The cognitive flexibility scale: Thee validity studies. Communication Reports, 11(1), 1-9.
Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexability. Psycholigical Reports, 76, 623-626.
Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibiliyt. Psychological Reports, 623-626. doi:10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.623
Martin, M. M., Anderson, C. M., & Thweatt, K. S. (1998). Aggressive communication traits and their relationships with the cognitive flexabiltiy scale and the communcation flexibiltiy scale. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13(3), 531-540.
McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (1991). Willingness to communicate: A cognitive view. In M. Booth-Butterfield, Communication, cognitino, and anxiety (pp. 19-37). Newbury Park, California: Sage Publising, Inc.
McCroskey, J. C., Larson, C. E., & Knapp, M. L. (1971). An introducation to interpersonal communication. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Morreale, S., Staley, C., Stavrositu, C., & Krakowiak, M. (2015). First-year college students’ attitudes toward communication technologies and their perceptions of communication competence in the 21st century. Communication Education, 64, 107-131. doi:10.1080/03634523.2014.978799
Nelson, D. W. (2016). Enhancing interpersonal communication: Positive mood effects. Social Behaviour and Personality: an international journal, 44(9), 1535-1540.
Petric, G., Petrovcic, A., & Vehovar, V. (2011). Social uses of interpersoanal communication technologies in a complex media environment. European journal of Communication, 26(2), 116-132.
Rubin, R. B., & Martin, M. M. (1994). Development of interpersonal communication competence. Communication Research Reports, 11(1), 33-34.
Spector, P. E. (1992). Summated rating scale construciton. An introduction. (M. S. Lewis-Beck, Ed.) Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications.
Spitzberg, G. H. (2006). Preliminary development of a model and measure of computer-mediated communicaiton (CMC) competence. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11, 629-666.
Stephens, K. K. (2011). Multiple conversations during organizational meetins: Development of the multicommunication scale. Management Communicaiton Quarterly. doi:10.1177/0893318911431802
Stricker, L. J. (1982). interpersonal competence instrument: Development and preliminary finding. Applied Psychological Measurement, 6(1), 69-81.
Takkaç, M. & Akdemir, A. S. (2015). Defining listeners in second language (L2) listening: investigating the characteristics of language learners as listeners. International Journal on New Trends in Education & their Implications (IJONTE), 6(2), 105-130.
Weaver II, R. L. (1993). Understanding interpersonal communication (Sixth ed.). New York: Harper Collins College Publishers.