Hava Kalitesi ile Covid-19 Arasındaki İlişki: G-7 Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama
Korona virüsün salgın hastalık olarak belirtilmesiyle tüm ülkeler yeni tip korona virüs (Covid-19) yayılımını sınırlamak için çaba içerisine girdiler. Virüsün bulaşma dinamiklerinden en önemlisi insandan insana bulaşmasıdır. Ancak hava kirliliğinden kaynaklı olarak da bulaşması üzerinde birçok araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu araştırmalar Covid-19’un hızlı ve geniş yayılımının hava kirliliği ile yüksek bir ilişkisi olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Dünya’nın bazı bölgelerinde Covid-19 yüksek oranlarda enfekte olmakta ve ölümlere sebep olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu bölgeler incelendiğinde hava kirleticilerin sınır seviyelerinin üzerinde olduğu görülmektedir. Bu anlamda hava kalitesinin iyi veya kötü olması Covid-19 yayılmasını pozitif veya negatif olarak desteklemektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı da G-7 ülkelerinin (ABD, Almanya, Birleşik Krallık, Fransa, İtalya, Japonya ve Kanada) hava kalitesi ile Covid-19 vaka sayısı arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini tespit etmektir. Bunun için G-7 ülkelerine ait 31.12.2019 ve 20.05.2020 tarihleri arasındaki temel hava kirleticiler (NO2, O3, PM10 ve PM2.5) ile günlük Covid-19 vaka sayısı verileri Canning ve Pedroni panel nedensellik testi ile analiz edilerek hava kalitesinden korona virüs vaka sayısına doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığı test edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda G-7 ülkelerinde hava kalite endeksinden korona virüs vaka sayısına doğru %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde bir panel nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmada kullanılan hipotez analiz sonucu elde edilen bulgularla genel olarak desteklenmesine rağmen G-7 ülkeleri içerisinde ABD, Almanya ve Japonya dışında kalan ülkelerde (Birleşik Krallık, Fransa, İtalya ve Kanada) hava kalitesinin korona virüs vaka sayısı üzerinde bir nedenselliğe yol açmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Gelecek nesillere, Dünya’daki insan yaşamının korunmasına ve Covid-19 salgını ile mücadelede hava kirliliğinin düşük seviyelere çekilmesinde politika yapıcılara önemli görevler düşmektedir.
The Relationship Between Air Quality and Covid-19: An Application on G-7 Countries
By stating the corona virus as an epidemic disease, all countries have made efforts to limit the spread of new types of corona virus (Covid-19). The most important of the transmission dynamics of the virus is transmission from person to person. However, a lot of research is being done on smearing due to air pollution. These studies suggest that the rapid and widespread of Covid-19 has a high relationship with air pollution. In some parts of the world, Covid-19 is known to be highly infected and cause deaths. When these regions are examined, it is seen that air pollutants are above the limit levels. In this sense, good or bad air quality supports the Covid-19 spread positively or negatively. The main aim of this study is to determine the causal relationship between the air quality of G-7 countries (USA, Germany, UK, France, Italy, Japan and Canada) and the number of Covid-19 cases. For this purpose, the basic air pollutants (NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5) between the dates of 31.12.2019 and 20.05.2020 and daily Covid-19 case number data are analyzed by Canning and Pedroni panel causality test. The existence of a causal relationship from the air quality of the number of corona virus cases is tested. In this context, it is observed that there is a panel causative relationship between the G-7 countries, from the air quality index to the number of corona virus cases, at a level of 5% significance. The findings obtained as a result of the hypothesis analysis used in the study were generally supported. However, it has been concluded that air quality does not cause causality on the number of corona virus cases in the G-7 countries (UK, France, Italy and Canada), except for the USA, Germany and Japan. Policy makers have an important role in protecting future generations, human life and in lowering air pollution to low levels in the fight against the Covid-19 outbreak.
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