DİN VE AHLAK BİRBİRİYLE NASIL İLİŞKİLİDİR? KISA BİR LİTERATÜR İNCELEMESİ

Din, dinî inanç ve dindarlık ahlaki duygu, düşünce ve davranışın neresindedir? Dini inanç ahlak üzerinde etkili midir? Dindar olmak aynı zamanda ahlaklı olmak anlamına gelir mi? Ya da tersinden bakacak olursak, dindar olmamak ya da Tanrı inancı taşımamak ahlaksız olmak anlamına gelir mi? Din ve ahlak ilişkisiyle ilgili klasik teorilere bakıldığında, dinin ahlakı pekiştiren ve bireyin olumsuz duygularını bastırmasını sağlayan bir olduğu ifade edilebilir. Fakat deneysel çalışmalar bu teorilerden farklı ya da zıt sonuçlar doğurabilmektedir. Hem din hem de ahlak karmaşık bileşenlere sahiptir ve bu bileşenlerin birbiriyle farklı kombinasyonları sonucu farklı din-ahlak ilişkileri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Din ve ahlak ilişkisi üzerine yapılan araştırmaların detaylı olarak incelenmesi bundan sonraki çalışmalara ışık tutacak olması bakımından önemlidir. Çalışmamızda, İngilizce literatürde yer alan çeşitli din-ahlak ilişkilerini ele alan çalışmalar incelenmiş olup herhangi bir deneysel çalışma yürütülmemiştir. Çalışmamızda; önce ahlakın tanımını ve kapsamını açıkladıktan sonra dört farklı din-ahlak ilişkisi tespit ederek incelediğimiz literatürü toplamda beş kategoriye ayırdık. Tespit edilen bu dört din-ahlak ilişkisine göre; din ahlakı olumlu etkiler, din ahlakı olumsuz etkiler, din ile ahlak birbirinden bağımsızdır ve din ile ahlak arasındaki bağlantı karmaşıktır. Bu çalışmanın tezi; hem dinin, hem de ahlakın çok boyutlu (multidimensional) bir yapılarının olmasından dolayı, dinin ahlak üzerinde olumlu, olumsuz ve karmaşık etkilere sahip olmasıdır.

HOW RELIGION AND MORALITY ARE RELATED? A CONCISE LITERATURE REVIEW

Where do religion, religious belief and religiosity placed on moral emotion, thought and behavior? Is religious belief effective on morality? Does being religious also mean being moral? Or inversely, does being not religious or not having a God belief mean being immoral? Classical theories on the relationship between religion and morality claim that religion strengthen morality and suppress the negative emotions of the individual. However, empirical studies can have different or contrary results with these classical theories. Both religion and morality have complex elements and the different combinations of these elements pave the way for different religion-morality relationships. A detailed examination of the studies on religion-morality relationship is, it would seem, essential to highlight the future studies conducted in this vein. In our study, various relationships between religion and morality in the English literature were examined; nonetheless, due to the nature of the study no experimental work was conducted. In this study, first, the description of morality and its content were explained; second, the study seperates the literature into five categories in appropriate with the categories which are set four different religion- morality relationship in the study. According to these four religion- morality relationships, religion positively influences morality; religion negatively influences morality, religion and morality are not related and the relationship between religion and morality is complex. The most important finding obtained from this study is that most of the current research indicate both religion and morality are multi-dimensional structures, and the relation betweenreligion on morality is rather complicated.

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