DÎVÂNU LUGÂTİ’T TÜRK’TE ARAÇ GEREÇLERE AİT SÖZ VARLIĞI

Türkçe uzun tarihi geçmişinde son derece önemli eserlere kaynaklık etmiştir. İşte bu eserlerin en önemlilerinden biri hiç şüphesiz Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk'tür. Kâşgarlı Mahmud'un bu önemli eseri Orhun Yazıtlarından sonra Türkçenin en önemli dil yadigârıdır. Kâşgarlı Mahmud'un 1074-1077 yılları arasında yazdığı bu eser Arap sözlükçülük geleneğine göre hazırlanmıştır. Sözlük içinde yaklaşık 8000 kelime bulunmaktadır. Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk Türkçenin ilk sözlüğü ve grameridir. Her ne kadar Araplara Türkçe öğretme gayesiyle kaleme alınmış olsa da içerdiği zengin söz varlığı ile yazıldığı döneme dair önemli ipuçları vermektedir. Kâşgarlı Mahmud Türk boyları arasında karış karış dolaşarak onların gündelik hayatta kullandığı dil, gelenek-görenek ve yaşantılarını kaydetmiştir. Bu itibarla yalnız bir dilci ve sözlükçü değil aynı zamanda bir halk bilimcidir. Eserinin sonuna koyduğu dünya haritasında Cakarta adını verdiği Japonya'yı göstermeyi de ihmal etmemiştir. Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk içerdiği söz varlığı ile bugüne kadar çok sayıda çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Bu kadar geniş hacimli bir eseri incelemek pek kolay değildir. İçerdiği zengin malzeme hala incelenmeye ve araştırılmaya gereksinim duymaktadır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu söz varlığı içindeki araç gereç kelimeleri farklı başlıklar altında tasnif edilmek suretiyle incelenmiştir. Bu sayede XI. yüzyılda Türk topluluklarının evde, tarlada, giyim kuşamda, savaşta, çocukların oyun oynarken kullandıkları oyuncaklara kadar kültür tarihimize ait bilgiler elde edilecektir

WORDS EXISTENCE OF INSTRUMENTS IN DÎVÂNU LUGÂTİ’T TÜRK

Turkish language has been a resource for very important literal works during its long history. It is surely beyond doubt that, Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk is one the most important literal work. This valuable work written by Kaşgarlı Mahmut is the most important langauge relic after Orkhon Inscriptıions. Kaşgarlı Mahmud wrote it between 1074-1077 according to principles of Arabian lexicography. This literal work which includes nearly 8000 words is the first dictionary and grammer of Turkish. Although it is written to teach Turkish Language to Arabic people, the dictionary gives very important clues by rich words existence related to written time period. Kaşgarlı Mahmud walked around inch by inch between turkic tribes and recorded their common language, traditions and daily lives. On this basis he is not just linguistic scientist and lexicographer, he is also folklorist. Also he did not pass over Japan that called Cakarta, and put it at the end of his Dictionary.Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk have been mentioned great numbers of literal works due to its rich vocabulary. It is not so easy to analyse the large volume literal works. This rich content still needs to be analysed and researched. In this work, instruments that subjected to word existence have been researched thereby collecting under the different headings. By this means, important informations will be obtain related to instruments used at home, farm, clothes, childs playings etc. which belongs to Turkish communities in XI. century Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk have been still analysing by researchers due to its rich vocabulary. This subjected words world obtain a gold mine of information related to Turkish world at those times. In this context, this study gives us very important datum about instrument that contextualising by dividing into 13 lexical entries. As a result of analysing, obtained 424 words have been shown on table according to frequency of occurrence. Thus, 11th century material’s usage frequency and area of utilization have been determined. Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk have been mentioned great numbers of literal works due to its rich vocabulary related to hunt - hunting, eating and drinking culture, food names, medical terms, toys, military etc. Besides, instruments names which constitute as basis to our study, have not been discussed before as under different topics and gregariously. In this sense, this study will take up the slack and serve a very important purpose. Conclusion We have identified a total of 424 equipment names due to scan results of Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk index. The results include 106 pots and pans and kitchen stuff, 58 weapons, 53 textiles, 62 apparel, 38 livestock, 28 agriculture, 11 musical instruments, 3 game-hunting, 3 medical science, 9 game toys, 16 furniture and 27 tools and 10 vocabulary related to transportation. The analysis of obtained data shows that; 1. It was seen that the equipment names which consist two words such as “kilic- kamci, acis bukac” take place. 2. It has been seen that the pan and kitchen instruments were the most intense headline with 106 words in examined 13 substances. It has been followed by apparel with 62 words. Textiles 53, combat equipment 58 and livestock with 38 words noted for their intensity and frequency of use. 3. Under the title of cookware and bakeware, the materials such as pitcher, cooking pot, glass and knife have been intensely used. For example there were 4 words - aşaç, aşıç, açıç bukaç and eşiç - have been used instead of cooking pot. 4. In 11th century, arrow, bow, sword, dagger, spaer and iron hat have been used as munition. 5. As a weaving materials felt, thread, yarn, colored ropes, tent cloths, saddle bags, carpets, kilims and needles which required to embroidering mostly used in 11th century. 6. We can see under clothes title, those days women used mostly rings, buckles, rings buckled straps, belts and kummerbunds. It has been descend to particulars that, we can see the details such as rings, necklaces, jewellry and blusher which called enğlik that women used for garnish. 7. Under the animal husbandry title, we can see lots of repeated words like saddle, ring, collar, halter, twitch, packsaddle. 8. Agriculture substances railing at the beginning, prong fork, fork wand, plow, sieve, sieve, mills, sickles, axes nomads and semi-nomads like material in which a community of Turks century indicate that he had engaged in intensive agriculture. 9. Lute, drums, tambourine, cymbals have been used as art activities by Turkish at those times. As it is understood that, percussion and stringed instruments have been preferred generally. 10. Turkish people were good at hunting land animals as sea animals also. We can understand it from the word – izdenğ which was like fishing net. Besides needle and fishing hook have been used between hunting materials. 11. Turks were very advanced in the field of medicine and treatment, they were using some kind of tool for drain port drug named –arkaçak, a device used to probe the wound named mil, and the tool to draw blood named sorgu. 12. At that time very interesting objects found for the game and toy world concepts in children world. For example thoe times children were playing football carresively and they called the game as -tepük. As well as swings and toys spinner also appears to be considerable interest in that period. 13. Armchair had been using in the same function as a furniture in every house, and it was named as -koltık at that times. In addition to this, gazebos, mats, mattresses, sofas, ships bottoms and closets are materials used as furniture in daily life of the people’s houses. 14. Broom, razor, scissors, wrench, hammer, trowel, clippers had been using as hand tools. Also iron had been using in the same function as a hand tool in every house, and it was named as -ütük at in 11th century. 15. Turks had been using camel and horses frequently for transportation. Also boats, ships, vessels and rafts had been using in the same function for sea transportation, and they were named as -kemi, kaygık at in 11th century. All of these data shows us 106 words in kitchen equipments had highest frequency of usage in 424 words. In this case, this data gives us certain clues that, Turks who are normally nomadic and semi- nomadic communities, adopted a sedentary life at that time. Consequently, great Turkish linguist Kâşgarlı Mahmud did not only content by writing the first Turkish dictionary Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk, but

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