AVRUPA BİRLİĞİNE ÜYE VE ADAY ÜLKELERDE YENİLENEMEYEN ENERJİ, YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE NÜKLEER ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

1970’li yıllarda enerji maliyetlerinin yükselmesi ile başlayan ekonomik kriz, sürdürebilir bir ekonomik büyüme için enerjinin önemini ortaya koymuştur. Bu yüzden birçok ülke ekonomik olarak büyümek için çeşitli yatırımlar yaparken ihtiyaç duyduğu enerji için dışa bağımlılığı azaltacak projeleri hayata geçirmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu süreçte nükleer enerji, yenilenebilir enerji kavramları öne çıkmış ve akademik çalışmalara konu olmuştur. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı ekonomik büyüme ile yenilenemeyen enerji tüketimi, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve nükleer enerji tüketimi arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını test etmektir. Avrupa Birliğine üye ve aday ülkeler içerisinde yer alan 14 ülkenin (Almanya, Belçika, Bulgaristan, Çekya, Finlandiya, Fransa, Hollanda, İngiltere, İspanya, İsveç, Macaristan, Romanya, Slovakya ve Slovenya) 2007-2016 yılları arasında GSYH ile yenilenemeyen enerji tüketimi, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve nükleer enerji tüketimi arasındaki ilişki dinamik panel fark GMM ve sistem GMM veri analizi ile test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre yenilenemeyen ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin GSYH üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkisinin olduğu, nükleer enerji tüketiminin ise anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Hem fark GMM hemde sistem GMM yönteminde yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin GSYH üzerindeki etkisinin diğer değişkenlere göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sonuç, her ülkenin daha yüksek büyüme seviyeleri için yenilenebilir enerji tüketimine daha fazla odaklanması gerektiğine dair bir politika yürütmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.

THE EFFECTS OF NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY AND NUCLEAR ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN EU MEMBER STATES AND CANDIDATE COUNTRIES

The economic crisis, which started with the rise of energy costs in the 1970s, revealed the importance of energy for a sustainable economic growth. Therefore, many countries try to implement projects that would reduce their dependence on foreign sources for the energy they need while making various investments to grow economically. In this process, the concepts of nuclear energy and renewable energy have come to the fore and have been the subject of academic studies. In this context, the aim of the study is to test whether there is a relationship between economic growth and non-renewable energy consumption, renewable energy consumption and nuclear energy consumption. Between the years 2007-2016 of the 14 member countries (Germany, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Netherlands, the UK, Spain, Sweden, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) of the European Union and candidate countries, the relationship between GDP and non- renewable energy consumption, renewable energy consumption and nuclear energy consumption was tested by dynamic panel difference GMM and system GMM data analysis. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that renewable and renewable energy consumption had a positive and significant effect on GDP and that nuclear energy consumption had no significant effect on GDP. According to GMM and GMM system, the effect of renewable energy consumption on GDP is higher than other variables. This reveals the need for each country to implement a policy that should focus more on renewable energy consumption for higher growth levels.

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