“ANLATICI” VE “BAKIŞ AÇISI” BAĞLAMINDA HALİKARNAS BALIKÇISI’NIN DENİZ GURBETÇİLERİ ROMANI

Halikarnas Balıkçısı, edebiyatımıza deniz ve denizciler hakkında yazdığı öykü ve romanları ile adını yazdırmıştır. Yaşamının büyük bir kısmını Bodrum'da denizciler arasında geçiren yazar, gerçek yaşantılardan esinlenerek öykülerini ve romanlarını oluşturduğu izlenimi vermektedir. Dolayısıyla yazarın eserlerinde halk diline ve üslubuna yaklaşan bir tavrı vardır. Halikarnas Balıkçısı, Deniz Gurbetçileri adlı romanında "halk anlatısı" üslûbunu kullanmaktadır. Bu nedenle romanda kullanılan "bakış açısı"nın irdelenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Halk inanışları ve halk anlatılarından faydalanan yazar, romanın öyküsünü daha inandırıcı hale getirmektedir. Romanın öyküsünde halk hikâyesine benzeyen iç hikâyeler kullanılmaktadır. Böylece üst hikâye de halk hikâyesine yaklaşmış olmaktadır. Roman ve hikâyede önemli bir unsur olan "bakış açısı"nı da yazar, halk anlatıları üslubuna dayandırmıştır. Bu nedenle romandaki "yazar anlatıcı" zaman zaman anlatıcı görevini roman kahramanlarından birine bırakır. Halikarnas Balıkçısı'nın romanda, halk hikâye anlatıcısının sesini taklit ettiği söylenebilir. Roman kahramanları da başlarından geçen olayları anlatırlarken halk anlatılarındaki üslubu kullanırlar. Böylece yazar, romanın öyküsünü bir halk anlatısına dönüştürmeye çalışır. Bunu yapma nedeni inandırıcılığı arttırmak olabilir. Fakat yazarın içinde yaşadığı toplumun kültürel özelliklerini birebir yansıtma kaygısının sezinlendiği de göz ardı edilmemelidir. Romanın sonunda yazar, romanın hikâyesini, dolayısıyla içinde yaşadığı toplumun gerçek yaşantılarını dilden dile aktarılan bir halk anlatısına dönüştürür. Okur, anlatılan hikâyelerin bir zamanlar yaşanmış gerçek hikâyeler olduklarını duyumsar. Bu da romanın konusunu okur için daha etkili kılma çabasının bir ürünüdür

IN THE CONTEXT OF “NARRATOR” AND “PERSPECTIVES” HALİKARNAS BALIKÇISI’S NOVEL SEA EXPATRİATES (DENİZ GURBETÇİLERİ

Halikarnas Balıkçısı wrote his name of the dictating it to our literature with stories and novels about the sea and sailors. The author, who spent a large part of his life among sailors in Bodrum, gives the impression formed his stories and novels inspiring by the actual experiences. Therefore, there is an attitude in the author's works upcoming language and style of the public. It is used “public narrative" style in Sea Expatriates (Deniz Gurbetçileri) novel of Halikarnas Balıkçısı. For this reason, investigation of the "perspective" used in the novel is of great importance. The author who benefit from folk beliefs and folk narrative make it more believable the story of the novel. It is used inner stories similar to folk story in the story of novel. Thus, the upper story becomes closer to the folk story. The author relied on "perspective" to the style of folk narratives, which is an important element in the novel and the story. Thus, "author the narrator" in novel, occasionally leaves the narrator duty to one of the heroes of the novel. It can be said that Halikarnas Balıkçısı emulate the voice of the folk storyteller in the novel. Novel's heroes use the same style recounting the events of his/her own past. Thus, the author tries to transform the novel's story to a folk narrative. The reason to do this may be to increase believability. However it should not be ignored to be anticipated that the author’s anxiety exactly mirroring the cultural characteristics of the society which he lives in. The author at the end of the novel, turns the story of the novel into the a public narrative which is transferred in real experiences of the society in which he lives, from mouth to mouth. The reader feels the narratives which were real stories had been lived once upon a time. This is also a product of an effort to make more effective the subject of the novel for the reader Cevat Sakir (Halikarnas Balıkçısı) wrote his name of the dictating it to our literature with stories and novels about the sea and sailors. The author, who spent a large part of his life among sailors in Bodrum, gives the impression formed his stories and novels inspiring by the actual experiences. Therefore, there is an attitude in the author's works upcoming language and style of the public. It is used “public narrative" style in Sea Expatriates (Deniz Gurbetçileri) novel of Halikarnas Balıkçısı. For this reason, investigation of the "perspective" used in the novel is of great importance. The author who benefit from folk beliefs and folk narrative make it more believable the story of the novel. It is used inner stories similar to folk story in the story of novel. Thus, the upper story becomes closer to the folk story. The author relied on "perspective" to the style of folk narratives, which is an important element in the novel and the story. Thus, "author the narrator" in novel, occasionally leaves the narrator duty to one of the heroes of the novel. It can be said that Halikarnas Balıkçısı emulate the voice of the folk storyteller in the novel. Novel's heroes use the same style recounting the events of his/her own past. Thus, the author tries to transform the novel's story to a folk narrative. The reason to do this may be to increase believability. However it should not be ignored to be anticipated that the author’s anxiety exactly mirroring the cultural characteristics of the society which he lives in. The author at the end of the novel, turns the story of the novel into the a public narrative which is transferred in real experiences of the society in which he lives, from mouth to mouth. The reader feels the narratives which were real stories had been lived once upon a time. This is also a product of an effort to make more effective the subject of the novel for the reader. Halikarnas Balıkçısı's novel as named "Deniz Gurbetçileri", the author's "perspective" includes unusual narrative techniques. It can be said that the author has an attitude coming out of the known narrator kinds. In stories and novels, even though it has tried to define in classifications such as the author's "perspective", "God-author on trial", "remaining neutral god-author", "I as similar", "I as head person", "Godauthor of the only selected character", "camera" (Friedman 2009: 10) there appears to be problematic naming the point of view we can say to use Cevat Sakir's "narrative style of the people" as a tool. Location and function of the narrator has taken different forms in different periods. Depending on the usage form of the narrator "perspective" has undergone some change within the time. Indeed, Mehmet Tekin has said for the narrator, "It is an asset that we have witnessed the implicit or explicit identification; heard its voice this or that tone in the text with epic character like epics, tales, stories, and novels. We have faced his presence as a reality in speech-based species” (Tekin 1989: 18). Mehmet Tekin has also expressed that the narrator has came out in different locations through time to date (Tekin 1989:18). In this case we can say that the classifications made until today would be insufficient to express the narrator type and perspective. As long as assessed by looking at process, it can be said that artists' desire to develop the new style provide to allows them to find different ways over time. In addition, it may not be possible say whether the classification for today can expressed all ways ever tried. For example when it is said "God perspective", although it is known what it is meant in general, It should not be forgotten how much the identity of subject with this perspective is variable. The narrator with "God perspective" will be a teacher, a worker, a romantic or a realist; it can be prepared quite a long list with similar options. In addition, the narrator with God's perspective, when he decided that what and how he saw or knew, separated from all other narrators. Therefore, it should be considered that the author who has decided what and how he saw or knew has created a different narrator from all other expressions of the narrator profiles. If so, in the center of this variety it is important to find an author's aspects separated from the others. In the stories and novels, "perspective" which determines the position of the narrator is related about author's decision perceiving the best atmosphere that the author is trying to drag the reader from which position. Deniz Gurbetçileri, transmits a new interpretation of folk narratives with the position of the narrator, the language used expression and some sections in which the hero speaks instead of the novel narrator. In the handling of the novel issue, some methods have been applied for the same purpose, in an effort to transform the novel to the public narrative, the top stories with the inner story was fused in harmony. In short, both the author’s transferring style the inner story and the composition of which consist the main story (with a direction consciously or unconsciously) reaches the public narrative of tradition, also gives a public narrative identity to the novel's story at the end of the novel. It is a directly related condition with the application form of the narrator. Perspective that the narrator guided the readers perceives the assumption that the story told in the novel could be true. This increases the impact of credibility of the story. As to be regarded every tellers of the public story as the author of the story, Halikarnas Balıkçısı has also set up the story by benefiting both the narrative tradition and the perspective of the public's oral culture and has already realized the function of "rewrite". This situation indicates us that it was impossible to tell exactly the narrator fit to any one of the classification ever made, as well. The elements which are the products of the author's creative genius get closer the narrative made with folk language (Also, it should be noted that there is a style that evokes the feeling about targeting the listeners not the readers) towards the folk narratives get closer to modern approach and gives the narrator a different identity. At this point, we come across an important issue that how Cevat Şakir distinguish their own sound from his imitation sound and the folk narrative. It is expected that this issue was examined within the scope of stylistic research. However, It can be said that using form of the narrator and perspectives contributes Cevat Şakir to create a unique style.

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