Uluslararası İlişkiler Yaklaşımlarında Güvenlik Kavramı

Uluslararası ilişkilerde güvenlik konusunda realist paradigma uzun süre hakimiyetini devam ettirmiştir. Uluslararası ilişkiler literatüründeki güvenlik yaklaşımlarınınrealist paradigmadan-geleneksel güvenlik anlayışından-farklılaşması ise Soğuk Savaş sonrasında başlamıştır. Bu dönemde yaşanan gelişmeler geleneksel güvenlik anlayışını tartışmaya açmıştır. Bu tartışmalar, güvenliğin hem genişlemesini hem de derinleşmesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Ulusal güvenliğin yanı sıra siyasi, iktisadi, toplumsal ve ekolojik konular da güvenlik kapsamında değerlendirilmeye başlamıştır. Bu genişletilmiş güvenlik anlayışıile birlikte devletler dışında bireyler, milletler, azınlıklar, çevre gibi başka unsurlar da güvenliğin nesnesi haline gelmiştir. 1700Elif Yıldırım Turkish Studies -Economy, 15(3)Böylece yalnızca egemenlik ve toprak bütünlüğü risk altında olan değerler olmaktan çıkmış, bunların yanı sıra ulusal birlik, kimlik, eşitlik, sürdürülebilirlik ve hayat kalitesi gibi değerlerin de önemli olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Güvenliğin nesnesinde ve buna bağlı olarak korunacak değerlerde meydana gelen bu çeşitlenme, uluslararası ilişkiler yaklaşımlarının “Güvenlik nasıl sağlanacak?” sorusuna verdiği cevapları da etkilemiştir. Bu bilgiler doğrultusunda bu çalışmada, uluslararası ilişkiler teorilerinin güvenlik yaklaşımları incelenmiştir. Geleneksel güvenlik yaklaşımına ek olarak liberal, Marksist, sosyal inşacılık, postyapısalcı, eleştirel, feminist, İngiliz Okulu, Kopenhag Okulu güvenlik anlayışları araştırma konusu yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda güvenliği sağlama konusunda geleneksel güvenlik anlayışının güç ve kapasite artırımına yaptığı vurgudan farklı olarak,diğer uluslararası ilişkiler yaklaşımlarının işbirliği, ticaret, kimlik ve karşılıklı inşa süreçleri gibi unsurları ön plana çıkardığı tespit edilmiştir.

The Concept of Security in International Relations Approaches

The realist paradigm on security in international relations has continued to dominate for a long time. The differentiation of security approaches in international relations literature from the realist paradigm-traditional understanding of security-started after the Cold War. The developments in this period brought the traditional security approach up for discussion. These discussions have resulted in both the expansion and the deepening of security. In addition to national security, political, economic, social and ecological issues have started to be evaluated. Together with this expanded understanding of security, other factors such as individuals, nations, minorities, and the environment have become the object of security. Thus, only sovereignty and territorial integrity ceased to be at risk; It was emphasized that values such as national unity, identity, equality, sustainability and quality of life are also important. This variation in both the object of security and the values to be protected affectedanswers of IR theories to the question “How will security be provided?”. In line with this information, in this study, the security approaches of international relations theories were examined. In addition to the traditional security approach, security concepts of liberal, Marxist, social constructionism, poststructuralist, critical, feminist, English School, Copenhagen School were researched. As a result of the study, unlike the emphasis on traditional security approach to increase the power and capacity in terms of providing security, it has been determined that other international relations approaches highlight factors such as cooperation, trade, identity and mutual building processes.

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Turkish Studies - Economics, Finance, Politics-Cover

ISSN: 2667-5625
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık Otomasyon Yayıncılık Reklam Sanayi ve Ticaret LTD ŞTİ