Türkiye’deki Firmaların Uluslararasılaşmasında En Çok Kullanılan Modellerin TOPSIS Yöntemi İle Belirlenmesi

Ülkeler arasında ekonomik sınırların kaldırıldığı ve rekabetin yoğun olarak yaşandığı günümüz dünyasında, uluslararasılaşma işletmeler için olmazsa olmaz hale gelmekte ve işletmeler başarılı olabilmek ve ayakta kalabilmek amacıyla uluslararasılaşma yoluyla yenilikçi bir politika izleyerek işletme değerini arttırma yoluna gitmektedirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı firmaların uluslararasılaşma için kullandıkları yöntemleri ve modelleri belirlemek veuluslararasılaşmada tercih edilen kriterleri önem derecesine göre sıralamaktır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışma kapsamında Manisa’da faaliyet gösteren 72 firma ile online/e-posta yoluyla görüşülerek uluslararasılaşma yöntem ve modeli için kriterler geliştirilmiştir. Ve araştırmaya katılan firmalardan elde edilen veriler, işletmelerin uluslararasılaşmasında en çok kullanılan modelleri ve önem verilen ölçütleri belirlemek amacıyla çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) yöntemlerinden TOPSIS ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, uluslararasılaşma modellerinden sırasıyla küresel doğan işletme modeli, uluslararasılaşmanın yenilik olarak görüldüğü model, aşamalı model ve ilişki ağları modeli; uluslararasılaşma yöntemlerinden ise Ticaret Müşavirlikleri, Ticaret ve Sanayi Odaları ile İhracatçı Birlikleri Genel Sekreterlikleri ve uluslararası ihtisas fuarları en çok tercih edilen yöntemler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlardan hareketle çalışmada farklı kavramsal çerçevelerin yöntemsel ve teorik olarak güçlü ve zayıf yanları tartışılmış ve gerek işletmelere ve gerekse de teorisyenlere uluslararasılaşma yöntemi ve modeli ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın katkısı, uluslararası pazarlara açılmak isteyen Türk işletmelerine uluslararasılaşma modelinin ve kriterlerinin seçiminde yol göstermesi ve ayrıca uluslararasılaşma alanındaki literatüre yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırmasıdır.

Determination of the Most Frequently Used Models in the Internationalizationof the Firms in Turkey via TOPSIS Method

In today’s modern world, in which the economic borders have been removed and competition is experienced intensely; internationalization has become an obligation for the businesses and they prefer to follow an innovationist policy with the purpose of increasing their business value in order to survive and achieve success. The purpose of this study is to determine the methods and models used by the firms in order to internationalise and to specify the criteria they prefer in internationalization according to their significance level. In this study, criteria concerning the internationalization method and model have been developed by interviewing 72 firms operating in Manisa online/via e-mail. Data attained from the firms which participated in the research have been analysed with the purpose of detecting the most frequently used models and most regarded standards in the internationalization of the businesses by using one ofthe multi-criteriadecision-making methods, TOPSIS. According to the results achieved at the end of the research; of the internationalization models, born global firm model, innovation approach, Uppsala staged model and network approach model have been determined to be the most frequently preferred models whereas the most frequently preferred internationalization methods have been found out to be the Commercial Counsellors, Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Secretariat General of Exporters Associations, and international specialised fairs. Moving from these results, the theoretical and methodological strong and weak characteristics of various conceptual frameworks have been discussed and suggestions have been made for both businesses and theoreticians concerning the internationalization method and model. The contribution of this study to the related literature is its guidance to Turkish businesses who want to open their businesses to international markets in choosing the appropriate internationalization model and criteria andproviding a new perspective to the literature on internationalization.

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Turkish Studies - Economics, Finance, Politics-Cover

ISSN: 2667-5625
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık Otomasyon Yayıncılık Reklam Sanayi ve Ticaret LTD ŞTİ