THE FLIPPED WRITING CLASSROOM IN TURKISH EFL CONTEXT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON A NEW MODEL
Flipped learning, one of the most popular and conspicuous instructional models of recent time, can be considered as a pedagogical approach in which the typical lecture and homework elements of a course are reversed. Flipped learning transforms classrooms into interactive and dynamic places where the teacher guides the students and facilitates their learning. The current study explores the impact of flipped instruction on students’ foreign language writing skill which is often perceived as boring, complex and difficult by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The study compares flipped and traditional face-to-face writing classes on the basis of writing performances. Employing a pre- and post-test true experimental design with a control group, the study is based on a mixed-method research. The experimental group consisting of 23 English Language Teaching (ELT) students attending preparatory class were instructed for fifteen weeks through Flipped Writing Class Model while the control group comprising 20 ELT preparatory class students followed traditional face-to-face lecture-based writing class. Independent and paired samples t-tests were carried out for the analyses of the data gathered through the pre-and post-tests. The results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of their writing performances based on the employed rubric. It was found that the students in the experimental group outperformed the students in the control group after the treatment process. The results of the study also revealed that the great majority of the students in the experimental group held positive attitudes towards Flipped Writing Class Model.
___
- Anderson, D. (2012). The Flipped Classroom for EFL. Retrieved June 24, 2013 from
http://photos.state.gov/libraries/thailand/591452/relo/030612_english_roundt
able.pdf
Arslan, R. S., & Kizil, A. S. (2010). How can the use of blog software facilitate the writing
process of English language learners? Computer Assisted Language Learning,
23(3), 183-197.
Baepler, P., Walker, J. D., & Driessen, M. (2014). It's not about seat time: Blending,
flipping, and efficiency in active learning classrooms. Computers & Education, 78,
227-236.
Baranovic, K. (2013). Flipping The First-Year Composition Classroom: Slouching Toward
The Pedagogically Hip. (Master's dissertation). School of Graduate Studies of
Southeast Missouri State University, Missouri.
Basal, A. (2012). The Use of Flipped Classroom in Foreign Language Teaching, The 3
rd
Black Sea ELT Conference Proceedings, 8-12.
Bauer‐Ramazani, C., Graney, J. M., Marshall, H. W., & Sabieh, C. (2016). Flipped Learning
in TESOL: Definitions, Approaches, and Implementation. TESOL Journal, 7(2),
429-437.
Bergman, J. and Sams, A. (2012). Flip Your Classroom: Reach Every Student in Every Class
Every Day, USA: Iste. ASCD.
Bergman, J. and Sams, A. (2013). Flip Your Students’ Learning, Educational Leadership,
70(6), 16-20.
Cumming, A., & Riazi, A. (2000). Building models of adult second language writing
instruction. Learning and Instruction, 10(1), 55-71.
Davies, R. S., Dean, D. L., & Ball, N. (2013). Flipping the classroom and instructional
technology integration in a college-level information systems spreadsheet
course. Education Tech Research, 61, 563-580.
Disli, O. (2012). Improving Writing Skills through Supplementary Computer-Assisted
Activities (Doctoral Dissertation). Gazi University Graduate School of Educational
Sciences, Ankara, Turkey. Available from the Council of Higher Education,
National Dissertation Center, Dissertation ID: 317053.
Dornyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics: quantitative, qualitative and
mixed methodologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Educause. (2012). 7 things you should know about flipped classrooms. Retrieved from:
http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI7081.pdf
166
Ekmekci, E. (2014). Flipped Writing Class Model with a Focus on Blended Learning.
Unpublished PhD Dissertation. Gazi University Graduate School of Educational
Sciences, Ankara.
Hashemnezhad, H., & Zangalani, S. K. (2012). The Effects of Processing Instruction and
Traditional Instruction on Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Ability. English Language
Teaching, 5(11), 125-136.
Huang, Y. N., & Hong, Z. R. (2015). The effects of a flipped English classroom intervention
on students’ information and communication technology and English reading
comprehension. Educational Technology Research and Development, 1-19.
Hung, H. T. (2015) Flipping the classroom for English language learners to foster active
learning, Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(1), 81-96.
Johnson, G. B. (2013). Student Perceptions of the Flipped Classroom. (Master's
dissertation). The University Of British Columbia, Okanagan.
Kobayashi, H., & Rinnert, C. (2002). High school students’ perceptions of first language
literacy instruction: implications for second language writing. Journal of Second
Language Writing, 11, 91-116.
Mason, G. S., Shuman, T. R., & Cook, K. E. (2013). Comparing the Effectiveness of an
Inverted Classroom to a Traditional Classroom in an Upper-Division Engineering
Course. Ieee Transactions On Education, 56(4), 430-435.
Matsuda, P., & De Pew, K. E. (2002). Early second language writing: An introduction.
Journal of Second Language Writing, 11, 261–268.
McCarthey, S.J., & Garcia, G. E. (2005). English Language Learners’ Writing Practices
and Attitudes. Written Communication,22(1), 36-75.
McCammon, D. (2013). Flipped Classroom Training Program – Efficient, Reflective and
Mastering Relationship. Online video clip. YouTube.
Mirlohi, M. (2012). The Effect of Instruction on Writing Performance of Intermediate EFL
Persian Students. International Journal of Linguistics, 4(4), 325-343.
Nicolosi, A. (2012). Grammar Lessons with the Flipped Classroom Method, The 3rd Black
Sea ELT Conference Proceedings, 13-17.
OECD (2015), Students, Computers and Learning: Making the Connection, PISA, OECD
Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264239555-en
O'Flaherty, J., & Phillips, C. (2015). The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A
scoping review. The Internet and Higher Education, 25, 85-95.
Pérez, D. P., & Riveros, R. M. (2014). Unleashing The Power Of Blended Learning And
Flipped Classroom For English As A Foreign Language Learning: Three Spheres Of
Challenges And Strategies In A Higher Education Institution In Colombia.
Proceedings of ICERI2014 Conference 17th-19th November, 2014, Seville, Spain.
Pooser, C. Y. (2004). Bringing the web to the foreign language writing classes. The French
Review, 78(1), 94-102.
Purcell, K., Buchanan, J., & Friedrich L. (2013). The impact of digital tools on student
writing and how writing is taught in schools. Washington, D.C.: PEW Research.
167
Reichelt, M., Lefkowitz, N., Rinnert, C., & Schultz, J. M. (2012). Key Issues in Foreign
Language Writing. Foreign Language Annals, 45(1), 22-45.
Rushidi. J. (2012). Perceptions and Performance: Students’ Attitudes towards Academic
English Writing. SEEU Review, 8(2), 1-15.
Schwanki, E. R. (2013). Blended Learning: Achievement and Perception Flipped
Classroom: Effects on Achievement and Student Perception. (Master's
dissertation). Southwest Minnesota State University, Marshall.
Sharples, M. (ed.) (1993). Computer supported collaborative writing. Springer- Verlag.
Silva, T., & Brice, C. (2004). Research in teaching writing. Annual Review of Applied
Linguistics, 24, 70–106.
Smith, J. D. (2013). Student attitudes toward flipping the general chemistry classroom.
Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 14, 607-614.
Sun, Y. (2010). Extensive writing in foreign-language classrooms: a blogging approach.
Innovations in Education and Teaching International. 47(3), 327-339.
White, R. (2012). How to Flip your Classroom. Retrieved June 24, 2013 from
http://hybridclassroom.com/blog/?p=819.
Wilson, S. G. (2013). The Flipped Class: A Method to Address the Challenges of an
Undergraduate Statistics Course, Teaching of Psychology, 40, 193-199. Retrieved
June 17, 2013 from http://top.sagepub.com/content/40/3/193.