Selami CANDAN, Mustafa GÜLLÜ, Zekiye SULUDERE

Description of spermatheca and eggs of Eurygaster austriaca (Schrank, 1778) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae), based on optical and scanning electron microscopy

Eurygaster austriaca (Schrank, 1778) yumurta ve spermateka morfolojisi ışık ve taramalı elektron mikroskobuyla incelendi. E. austriaca’nın spermatekası spermateka haznesi, pompalama bölgesi, distal ve proksimal yaka ve kanallar ve genital oda ile karakterize edilir. Her bir dişi bir yumurta kümesinde genellikle yeşil renkli 14 yumurta bırakır. Yuvarlak şekilli yumurtalar ortalama 1,05 ± 0,05 mm çapındadır. Embriyonik gelişimin ilk belirtisi operkulumun altında karşılıklı yer alan iki kırmızı leke ve bunu takiben bu lekelerin arasında görünen T şeklindeki siyahımsı yumurta kırıcısının görünüşüdür. Kalın ve oldukça sklerotize olan yumurta kırıcısı kuyruk kısmının her iki tarafında vantuz şeklinde yapılara sahiptir. Yumurta yüzeyi kolaylıkla fark edilen tüberküllü poligonal yapıyla kaplıdır. Koryonik poligonların arasında kesik koni şeklinde 17-19 aero-mikropil bulunur.

Eurygaster austriaca (Schrank, 1778) yumurta ve spermatekasının ışık ve taramalı elektron mikroskobuyla tanımı (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)

Spermatheca and egg morphology of Eurygaster austriaca (Schrank, 1778) were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The spermatheca of E. austriaca is characterized by a spermathecal bulb, a pumping region, distal and proximal fl anges and ducts, and a genital chamber. Each female was shown to deposit 14 green eggs on average in mass. The spherical eggs averaged 1.05 ± 0.05 mm in diameter. The first external evidence of embryonic development was the appearance of 2 red eye spots opposite each other beneath operculum followed by the appearance of a blackish T-shaped egg-burster between the eye spots. The thickened highly sclerotized egg-burster has sucker-shaped structures on the both sides of the tail. Egg surfaces are covered with clearly marked polygon patterns with tubercles. There were 17-19 aero-micropylar processes shaped like truncated cones scattered among the polygons.

PDF

___

Adams, T.S. 2001. Morphology of the internal reproductive system of the male and female two-spotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus (F.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and the transfer of products during mating. Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. 39: 45-53.
Brailovsky, H. and Barrera, E. 2001. Six new species of Mozena (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae: Nematopodini). Florida Entomol. 84(1): 99-111.
Bundy, C.S. and McPherson, R.M. 2000. Morphological examination of stink bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) eggs on cotton and soybeans, with a key to genera. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 93(3): 616-624.
Candan, S. 2008. Spermathecal morphology of Enoplops disciger (Kolenati, 1845) (Heteroptera: Coreidae). Entomol. News, 119(5): 524-530.
Candan, S. and Suludere, Z. 1999. Chorionic structure of Graphosoma lineatum (Linneaus, 1758) (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae. J. Ent. Res. Soc. 1(3): 1-7.
Candan, S. and Suludere, Z. 2003. Scanning electron microscope studies of the eggs of Psacasta exanthematica Scopoli, 1763 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Pol. Pismo. Ent. 72: 241-247
Candan, S. and Suludere, Z. 2006a. Chorion morphology of eggs of Aelia albovittata Fieber, 1868 and Aelia rostrata Boheman, 1852 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). J. Ent. Res. Soc. 8(1): 1-71.
Candan, S. and Suludere, Z. 2006b. Studies on the external morphology of the eggs of Eurygaster maura (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Pol. Pismo. Ent. 75: 369-374.
Candan, S., Suludere, Z. and Erbey, M. 2007. Morphology of eggs and spermatheca of Odontotarsus purpureolineatus (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology 62(6): 763-769.
Chiang, R.G. 2009. A newly discovered sperm transport system in the female of Lygaeidae bugs. Physiol. Entomol. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2009.00707.x
Cobben, R.H. 1968. Evolutionary Trends in Heteroptera. Part 1. Eggs, architecture of the shell, gross embryology and eclosion. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Davey, K.G. 1965. Reproduction in the Insects. Oliver and Boyd. Edinburgh, UK.
Dufour, L. 1833. Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur les Hemipteres accompagnèes de considerations relatives a l’histoire naturelle et a la classifi cation de ces insectes. Mémoires présentés par divers Savans à l’Académie Royale des Sciences de l’Institut de France, Paris 4: 33-461.
Dupuis, C. 1955. Les genitalia des hemipteres Heteropteres (Genitalia externes des deux sexes; Voies ectodermiques femalles). Revue de la morphologie. Lexique de la nomenclature. Index bibliographique analytique. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 6: 183- 278.
Emden, F.I. 1946. Egg-bursters in some more families of polyphagous beetles and some general remarks on egg-bursters. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. Series A, 21 (10-12): 89-97.
Esselbaugh, C.O. 1946. A study of the eggs of the Pentatomidae (Hemiptera). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 39: 667-691.
Grigorov, P. 1988. Electron-microscopic study of the egg’s chorion [sic] in species of the genus Eurygaster Lap. (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae). Rasteniev’d Nauki [Plant Science] 25(2): 94-99.
Hinton, H.E. 1981. Biology of Insect Eggs. Vols. I-III.*, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Javahery, M. 1994. Development of eggs in some true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Part I. Pentatomoidea. Can. Entomol. 126(2): 401-433.
Javahery, M. Schaefer, C.W. and Latin, J.D. 2000. Shield Bugs (Scutelleridae). In: Heteroptera of Economic Importance (Eds., C.W. Schaefer and A.R. Panizzi), CRC press Washington, pp. 475-503.
Kim, R.H. and Lee, C.E. 1994. Morphological studies on the spermathecae of Korean Podopinae and Asopinae (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Korean J. Entomol., 24: 217-223.
Kocorek, A. and Danielczok-Demska, T. 2002. Comparative morphology of the spermatheca within the family Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Eur. J. Entomol. 99: 91-98.
Kumar, R. 1962. Morphotaxonomical studies on the genitalia and salivary glands of some Pentatomoidea. Entomol. Tidskr. 83: 44-84.
Kumar, R. 1965. Contributions to the morphology and relationships of Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Part I. Scutelleridae. Aust. J. Entomol. 4(1): 41-55.
Lee, C.E. and Pendergrast, J.G. 1983. Th e spermathecae of New Zealand Aradidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). J. Nat. Hist. 17: 113-122.
Lodos, N. 1986. Türkiye Entomolojisi II. Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, Bornova-İzmir.
Lodos, N. and Kavut, H. 1991. Süne (Eurygaster integriceps Put.- Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)’nin Türkiye’de yayılışı ile ilgili yeni bilgiler. Turk. Entomol. Derg. 15(2): 107-112.
Margaritis, L.H. 1985. Structure and Physiology of the Eggshell. In: Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, vol. 1, (Eds. G.A. Kerkut and L.I. Gilbert), Pergamon Press, Oxford 153-230.
Matesco, V.C., Schwertner, C.F. and Grazia, J. 2007. Descrição dos estágios imaturos e biologia de Chinavia pengue (Rolston) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 51(1): 93-100.
Matesco, V.C., Schwertner, C.F. and Grazia, J. 2008. Immature stages of Chinavia musiva (Berg, 1878): a unique pattern in the morphology of Chinavia Orian, 1965 (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). J. Nat. Hist. 42(25-26): 1749-1763.
Matesco, V.C., Fusrstenau, B.B.R.J., Bernardes, J.L.C., Schwertner, C.F. and Grazia, J. 2009. Morphological features of the eggs of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa 1984: 1-30.
McDonald, F.J.D. 1966. Th e genitalia of North American Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Quaest. Entomol. 2: 7-150.
Möller, A., Minter, L.R. and Olivier, P.A.S. 2006. Larval morphology of Podallea vasseana Navás and Podallea manselli Aspöck & Aspöck from South Africa (Neuroptera: Berothidae). African Entomology 14(1): 1-12.
Olanca, B., Ozay, D.S. and Koksel, H. 2009. Eff ects of suni-bug (Eurygaster spp.) damage on size distribution of durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) proteins. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 229: 813-820.
Öncüer, C. and Kıvan, M. 1995. Tekirdağ ve çevresinde Eurygaster Lap. (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) türleri, tanınmaları, yayılışları ve bunlardan Eurygaster integriceps Put.’ in biyolojisi ve doğal düşmanları üzerinde araştırmalar. Turk J. Agric. For. 19(4): 223-230.
Pendergrast, J.G. 1957. Studies on the reproductive organs of the Heteroptera with a consideration of their bearing on classifi cation. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 109: 1-63.
Pluot-Sigwalt, D. and Lis, J.A. 2008. Morphology of the spermatheca in the Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Bearing of its diversity on classifi cation and phylogeny. Eur. J. Entomol. 105(2): 279-312.
Puchkova L.V. 1956. Eggs of the true bugs (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). II.Lygaeidae. Ent. Obozr., 35(2): 262-284.
Puchkova, L.V. 1959. Th e eggs of true bugs (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) V. Pentatomoidea I. Ent. Obozr. 38(3): 634-648.
Puchkova, L.V. 1966. Th e morphology and biology of the eggs of the terrestrial bugs (Hemiptera). Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 51: 75-132.
Salkeld, E.H. 1983. A catalogue of the eggs of some Canadian Geometridae (Lepidoptera), with comments. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canada 126: 3-271.
Salkeld, E.H. 1984. A Catalogue of the eggs of some Canadian Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). Mem. Ent. Soc. Canada 127: 1-67.
Schumacher, F. 1917. Eisprenger bei Wanzen aus der groupe der Pentatomiden (Hemiptera- Heteroptera). Sitz. Ber. Gess. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, 438-443.
Scudder, G.G.E. 1959. Th e female genitalia of the Heteroptera: Morphology and bearing on classifi cation. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 111: 405-467.
Servadei, A. 1964. Il valore tassonomico delle spermateche degli Emitteri Eterotteri (Fam. Pentatomidae e Acanthosomatidae) [Taxonomic value of spermatheca in Pentatomidae and Acanthosomatidae on generic and specifi c levels]. Atti dell’Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia, 11: 58-86.
Siebold, von C.Th . 1837. Fernere Beobachtungen über die Spermatozoen der wirbellosen Tiere. Archiv für Anatomie Physiologie Und Wissenschaft liche Medicin, 1837: 381-439.
Simiczyjew, B. 1994. Egg morphology and chorion fi ne structure of Hydrometra stagnorum (Heteroptera). Zool. Pol. 39 (1/2): 79- 86.
Southwood, T.R.E. 1956. The structure of the eggs of the terrestrial Heteroptera and its relationship to the classifi cation of the group. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 108(6): 163-221.
Studemann, D. and Landolt, P. 1997. Eggs of Ephemerellidae (Ephemeroptera). In: Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera: Biology- Ecology-Systematic (Eds. P. Landolt, and M. Sartori), Fribourg. pp. 362-371.
Suludere, Z., Candan, S. and Kalender, Y. 1999. Chorionic sculpturing in eggs of six species of Eurydema (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) A scanning electron microscope investigation. J. Ent. Res. Soc. 1 (2): 27-56.
Ubero-Pascal, N. and Puig, M.A., 2009. New type of egg attachment structure in Ephemeroptera and comparative analysis of chorion structure morphology in three species of Ephemerellidae. Acta Zool. (Stockholm). 90: 87-98.
Vavrinova, I. 1988. Spermathecae of Central European species of the families Rhopalidae, Alydidae and Coreidae (Heteroptera: Coreoidea). Casopis Moravskcho Musea v Brnì, 73: 203-215.
Wheeler, D.E. and Krutzsch, P.H. 1994. Ultrastructure of the spermatheca and its associated gland in the ant Crematogaster opuntiae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zoomorphology 114(4): 203-212.
Wolf, K.W. and Reid, W. 2004. Postdepositional dynamics of eggs of Podisus sagitta (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae). A light and scanning electron microscopy study. J. Ent. Res. Soc. 6(1): 1-11.