Turan GÜVEN, Abdullah BAYRAM, Kültiğin ÇAVUŞOĞLU, Nazife YİĞİT

A morphological study on the venom apparatus of the spider Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae, Agelinidae)

Agelena labyrinthica, huni örümceğinin zehir aygıtının morfolojisi taramalı elektron mikroskop (SEM) kullanılarak çalışılmıştır. Prosomanın ön kısmında yer alan zehir aygıtı, bir çift keliser ve zehir bezinden oluşmaktadır. Her bir keliser kıllarla kaplı, kuvvetli bir bazal parça ve hareketli bir zehir dişi olmak üzere iki kısımdan oluşur. Zehir dişinin yüzeyinde düzgün, paralel dizilmiş oluklar bulunmaktadır. Dişin ucuna yakın kısmında bir zehir deliği yer almaktadır. Zehir bezinin her biri eşit büyüklükte olup uzun tüp şeklindedir. Bezin etrafı sarmal dizili kas demetleri ile sarılmıştır. Zehir bezinde üretilen zehir, bu kasların kuvvetli bir şekilde kasılmasıyla keliser boyunca uzanarak zehir dişine ulaşan bir zehir kanalı ile taşınır ve zehir deliğinden dışarı verilir.

Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae, Agelenidae) Örümceğinin zehir aygıtı üzerine morfolojik bir çalışma

The morphology of the venom apparatus of the spider Agelena labyrinthica was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The venom apparatus, situated in the anterior of the prosoma, is composed of a pair of chelicerae and venom glands. Each chelicera consists of two parts, a stout basal segment covered by hair, and a movable articulated fang. There are regular, parallel fine grooves on the surface of the cheliceral fang. The venom pore is situated on the subterminal portion of the fang. All of the venom glands are the same size and are shaped like long tubes. Each gland is surrounded by bundles of muscular fibers. Venom is produced in the venom glands, and it is carried by a venom duct passing through the chelicera, exiting from the venom pore during muscular contraction.

PDF

___

Bayram, A. 2002. Türkiye Arachnida (Örümcekgiller) Tür Listesi ve Yayılışları. İn: Genel Zoocoğrafya ve Türkiye Zoocoğrafyası "Hayvan Coğrafyası" (ed. A. Demirsoy) Meteksan Yayınlan, Ankara, p. 638-657.
Bozzola, J.J. and Russel, L.D. 1992. Electron Microscopy, Specimen Preparation for Scanning Electron Microscopy. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston.
Foelix, R.F. 1982. Biology of Spiders. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Frontali, N. and Grasso, A. 1964. Separation of Three Toxicologically Different Protein Components from the Venom of the Spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 106: 213-218.
Grasso, A. 1976. Preparation and Properties of a Neurotoxin Purified from the Venom of Black Widow Spider (Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 439: 406-412.
Grasso, A. 1992. Report and Abstracts of Meeting on Latrodectus Neurotoxins from Venom Gland to Neuronal Receptors. Toxicon 30: 117-122.
Grasso, A. and Pescatori, M. 1996. Structural and Functional Studies of Latrodectin from the Venom of the Black Widow Spider {Latrodectus tredecimguttatus). In: Natural Toxins II (Eds. B.R. Singh and A.A. Tu), Plenum Press, New York, pp: 237-243.
Grishin, E. 1999. Polypeptide Neurotoxins from Spider Venoms. Eur. J. Biochem. 264: 276-280.
Kovoor, J. and Munoz-Cuevas, A. 2000. Comparative Histology of the Venom Gland in a Lycosid and Several Oxyopid Spiders (Araneae). Ekolögia (Bratislava), 19: 129-140.
Levi, W.H. and Levi, L.R. 1990. A Gold Guide: Spiders and Their Kin, Golden Press, New York.
Maretic, Z. 1987- Spider Venoms and their Effects. In: Ecophysiology of Spiders (ed. W. Nentwig), Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 142-159.
Mebs, D., Kuch, U. and Meier, J. 1994. Studies on Venom and Venom Apparatus of Fea's Viper, Azemiops feae. Toxicon 32: 1275-1278.
Menez, A.,-Zimmerman, K., Zimmerman, S. and Heatwole, H. 1990. Venom Apparatus and Toxicity of the Centipede Ethmostigmus rubripes (Chilopoda, Scolopendridae). J. Morphol. 206: 303-312.
Moon, MJ. 1992. Ultrastructural Study on the Poison Secreting Organ of the Spider. Korean J. Electron Microscopy 22: 128-142.
Moon, MJ. and Tillinghast E.K. 1996. Fine Structural Aspects of the Venom Production in the Black Widow Spider, Latrodectus mactans. Korean J. Electron Microscopy 26: 17-31.
Moon, MJ. 1996. Fine Structural Analysis of the Neuromuscular Junction in the Venomous Organ of the Spider, Agelena limbata (Arenea: Agelenidae). Korean J. Zool. 39: 223-230.
Ori, M. and Ikeda, H. 1998. Spider Venoms and Spiders Toxins. J. Toxicol.-Toxin Reviews 17: 405-426.
Preston-Mafham, K. 1982. Identifying Spiders, Chartwell Books Inc., Edison, NJ. Rash, L.D. and Hodgson, W.C. 2002. Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Spider Venoms. Toxicon 40, 225-254.
Russell, F.E., Jârlfors, U. and Smith, D.S. 1973. Preliminary report on the fine structure of the venom gland of the tarantula. Toxicon 11: 467-478.
Santos, V.L.P., Franco, C.R.C., Viggiano, R.L.L., Silveira, R.B., Cantâo, M.P., Mangili, 0. C, Veiga, S.S. and Gremski, W. 2000. Structural and Ultrastructural Description of the Venom Gland of Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider). Toxicon 38: 265-285.
Schoeters, E., Schmidt, J. 0. and Billen, J. 1997. Venom Gland Morphology in Pepsis pallidolimbata pallidolimbata and Biological Use and Activity of Pepsis Venom. Can. J. Zool. 75: 1014-1019.
Waller, R.M. and Phanuel, GJ. 1989. Functional Morphology of the Poison Apparatus and Histology of the Venom Glands of Three Indian Spiders. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 86: 344-353.
Young, B.A., Blair, M., Zahn, K. and Marvin, J. 2001. Mechanics of Venom Expulsion in Crotalus, with Special Reference to Role of the Fang Sheath. Anat Rec. 264: 415-426.