Seasonal variation and taxonomic composition of mesozooplankton in the southern Black Sea (off Sinop) between 2005 and 2009
The monthly and long-term fluctuations of mesozooplankton abundance, biomass, and taxonomic composition in the Sinop inner harbor (southern Black Sea) between 2005 and 2009 are presented in the present study. In total, 31 mesozooplankton taxa were identified during the study. The recorded average mesozooplankton abundance and biomass were 34,323 ± 7580 ind. m−2−2^{-2} and 1208 ± 460 mg m−2−2^{-2} in 2005, 95,063 ± 31,434 ind m−2−2^{-2} and 1787 ± 604 mg m−2−2^{-2} in 2006, 97,626 ± 12,141 ind m−2−2^{-2} and 1034 ± 20 mg m−2−2^{-2} in 2007, 91,918 ± 10,476 ind m−2−2^{-2} and 775 ± 121 mg m−2−2^{-2} in 2008, and 146,918 ± 19,671 ind m−2−2^{-2} and 1955 ± 437 mg m−2−2^{-2} in 2009, respectively. The highest abundance values of mesozooplankton were encountered in March 2006 (299,110 ind m−2−2^{-2}) with the contribution of Copepoda nauplii (167,000 ind m−2−2^{-2}) particularly. Meanwhile, the mesozooplankton biomass was highest in October 2005 (5852 mg m−2−2^{-2}), due to Parasagitta setosa (3695 mg m−2−2^{-2}). The heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans was a major component of plankton samples in the Sinop region, presenting its highest values in April 2005. Mesozooplankton abundance values showed significant differences (except 2007-2009 and 2008-2009) during the 5-year sampling period. Since the middle of 2006, an increase in abundance, biomass, and biodiversity of mesozooplankton has been detected. Many mesozooplanktonic species/groups showed seasonality in the study (especially Cladocera species). This seasonality was determined to be based on temperature changes.
___
- Altukhov DA, Gubanova AD, Mukhanov VS (2014). New
invasive copepod Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984:
seasonal dynamics in Sevastopol Bay and expansion
along the Black Sea coasts. Mar Ecol-Evol Persp 35: 28-
34.
- Belgrano A, Legendre P, Dewarumez JM, Frontier S (1995).
Spatial structure and ecological variation of meroplankton
on the French-Belgian coast of the North Sea. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 128: 43-50.
- Beşiktepe Ş (1998). Studies on some ecological aspects of
copepods and chaetognaths in the southern Black Sea,
with particular reference to Calanus euxinus. PhD,
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Besiktepe S, Unsal M (2000). Population structure, vertical
distribution and diel migration of Sagitta setosa
(Chaetognatha) in the South-Western Part of the Black
Sea. J Plankton Res 22: 669-683.
- Bradford-Grieve JM, Markhaseva EL, Rocha CEF, Abiahy
B (1999). Copepoda. In: Boltovskoy D, editor. South
Atlantic Zooplankton. Leiden, the Netherlands: Backhuys
Publishers, pp. 869-1098.
- Byrne P (1995). Seasonal composition of meroplankton in the
Dunkellin Estuary, Galway Bay. Biology and Environment
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95: 35-48.
- Conway DVP, White RG, Hugues-Dit-Ciles J, Gallienne CP,
Robins DB (2003). Guide to the Coastal and Surface
Zooplankton of the South-Western Indian Ocean.
Plymouth, UK: Marine Biological Association of the
United Kingdom.
- Deniz E (2013). The mesozooplankton fauna and its seasonal
variation along Samsun coastal waters of the Black Sea.
PhD, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey (in
Turkish).
- Deniz E, Gönülol A (2014). Temporal changes of copepod
abundance and species compositions in the coastal water
of Samsun, the southern Black Sea (Turkey). Journal of
Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 20: 164-183.
- Elbrächter M, Qi ZY (1998). Aspect of Noctiluca (Dinophyceae)
population dynamics. In: Anderson DM, Cembella
AD, Hallegraeff MG, editors. Physiological Ecology
of Harmful Algal Blooms. Berlin, Germany: Springer-
Verlag, pp. 315-335.
- Ergün G (1994). Distribution of five Calanoid copepod species
in the southern Black Sea. MSc, Middle East Technical
University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Gajbhiye SN (2002). Zooplankton - Study methods, importance
and significant observations. In: Quadros G, editor.
Proceedings of the National Seminar on Creeks, Estuaries
and Mangroves - Pollution and Conservation, 28–30
November 2002; Thane, India, pp. 21-27.
- Gubanova A, Altukhov D (2007). Establishment of Oithona
brevicornis Giesbrecht, 1892 (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) in
the Black Sea. Aquat Invasions 2: 407-410.
- Isinibilir M (2009). Annual crustacean zooplankton succession
(Copepoda and Cladocera) in the upper layer of Ahirkapi
coastal waters (northeastern Sea of Marmara). Crustaceana
82: 669-678.
- Ivanov LS, Beverton RJH (1985). The Fisheries Resources of
the Mediterranean. Part Two: Black Sea. FAO Studies and
Reviews, Volume 60. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations.
- Kideys AE, Kovalev AV, Shulman G, Gordina A, Bingel F (2000).
A review of zooplankton investigations of the Black Sea over
the last decade. J Marine Syst 24: 355-371.
- Kovalev AV, Skryabin VA, Zagorodnyaya YuA, Niermann
U, Bingel F, Kideys AE, Uysal Z (1999). The Black Sea
zooplankton: composition, spatial/temporal distribution
and history of investigations. Turk J Zool 23: 195-209.
- Kurt Terbıyık T, Polat S (2014). Characterization of seasonal
and inter-annual changes in the abundance of species of
marine Cladocera on the Turkish coast of the northeastern
Levantine Basin. Crustaceana 87: 769-783.
- Lebedeva LP, Lukasheva TA, Anokhina LL, Chasovnikov
VK (2015). Interannual variability in the zooplankton
community in Golubaya Bay (Northeastern part of the
Black Sea) in 2002-2012. Oceanology 55: 355-363.
- Lenz J (2000). Introduction. In: Harris R, Wiebe P, Lenz J, Skjoldal
HR, Huntley M, editors. ICES Zooplankton Methodology
Manual. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press, pp. 1-30.
- Mihneva V, Stefanova K (2013). The non-native copepod Oithona
davisae (Ferrari FD and Orsi, 1984) in the Western Black
Sea: seasonal and annual abundance variability. Bioinvasions
Records 2: 119-124.
- Mikaelyan AS, Malej A, Shiganova TA, Turk V, Sivkovitch AE,
Musaeve EI, Kogovsek T, Lukasheva TA (2014). Populations
of the red tide forming dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans
(Macartney): A comparison between the Black Sea and the
northern Adriatic Sea. Harmful Algae 33: 29-40.
- Niermann U, Bingel F, Ergün G, Greve W (1998). Fluctuation of
dominant mesozooplankton species in the Black Sea, North
Sea and Baltic Sea: Is a general trend recognisable? Turk J Zool
22: 63-81.
- Nikishina AB, Drits AV, Vasilyeva YuV, Timonin AG, Solovyev
KA, Ratkova TN, Sergeeva VM (2011). Role of the Noctiluca
scintillans population in the trophic dynamics of the Black Sea
plankton over the spring period. Oceanology 51: 1029-1039.
- Oguz T (2005a). Long term impacts of anthropogenic and human
forcing on the reorganization of the Black Sea ecosystem.
Oceanography 18: 112-121.
- Oguz T (2005b). Black Sea ecosystem response to climatic variations.
Oceanography 18: 122-133.
- Oguz T, Latun VS, Latif MA, Vladimirov VV, Sur HI, Markov AA,
Ozsoy E, Kotovshchikov BB, Eremeyev VV, Unluata U (1993).
Circulation in the surface and intermediate layers of the Black
Sea. Deep-Sea Res Pt I 40: 1597-1612.
- Oguz T, Velikova V, Cociasu A, Korchenko A (2008). The state of
eutrophication. In: Oguz T, editor. State of the Environment
Report 2001-2006/7. İstanbul, Turkey: Commission on the
Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution, pp. 83-112.
- Özdemir GP, Ak O (2012). The qualitative and quantitative
distribution of the zooplankton in the Southeastern Black
Sea (Trabzon coast). Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean
Environment 18: 279-298.
- Özsoy E, Ünlüata U (1997). Oceanography of the Black Sea: A review
of some recent results. Earth-Sci Rev 42: 231-272.
- Petipa TS (1957). On average weight of the main zooplankton forms
in the Black Sea. Proceedings of Sevastopol Biological Station
9: 39-57 (in Russian).
- Porumb F (1992). On the development of Noctiluca scintillans
under eutrophication of Romanian Black Sea waters. In:
Vollenweider RA, Marchetti R, Viviani R, editors. Marine
Coastal Eutrophication. London, UK: Elsevier Publishers BV,
pp. 907-920.
- Quevedo M, Quiros RG, Anadon R (1999). Evidence of heavy
predation by Noctiluca scintillans on Acartia clausi (Copepoda)
eggs off the Central Cantabrian coast (NW Spain). Oceanolo
Acta 22: 127-131.
- Razouls C, de Bovée F, Kouwenberg J, Desreumaux N (2005-2017).
Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic
Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
[accessed 12 December 2017].
- Richardson A (2008). In hot water: zooplankton and climate change.
ICES J Mar Sci 65: 279-295.
- Selifonova JP (2006). Taxonomic composition and distribution of
meroplankton in the Novorossiysk Bay of the Black Sea. Acta
Zool Bulgar 58: 387-394.
- Selifonova ZP (2009). Oithona brevicornis Giesbrecht (Copepoda,
Cyclopoida) in harborages of the northeastern part of the Black
Sea shelf. Inland Water Biol 2: 30-32.
- Selifonova ZP (2012). Taxonomic composition and seasonal
dynamics of the meroplankton of the coastal zone of the
northeastern Black Sea. Russ J Mar Biol 38: 1-9.
- Shiganova T (2005). Changes in Appendicularian Oikopleura dioica
abundance caused by invasion of alien ctenophores in the
Black Sea. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 85: 477-494.
- Shiganova TA, Kideys AE, Gucu AC, Nieramnn U, Khoroshilov VS
(1998). Changes in species diversity and abundance of the
main components of the Black Sea pelagic community during
the last decade. In: Ivanov L, Oguz T, editors. In Ecosystem
Modeling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea. Dordrecht,
the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 171-188.
- Sinop Valiliği Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü (2011). Sinop ili
çevre durum raporu, 2011. Sinop, Turkey: Sinop Valiliği Çevre
ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü (in Turkish).
- Sivri N (1999). The effects of Solaklı River discharge on coastal
pelagic ecosystem. PhD, Karadeniz Technical University,
Trabzon, Turkey (ın Turkish).
- Sur HI, Özsoy E, Ilyin YP, Ünlüata Ü (1996). Coastal/deep
ocean interactions in the Black Sea and their ecological-
environmental impact. J Marine Syst 7: 293-320.
- Svetlichny L, Hubareva E (2014). Salinity tolerance of alien copepods
Acartia tonsa and Oithona davisae in the Black Sea. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 461: 201-208.
- Ünal E (2002). Seasonality of zooplankton in the Southern Black Sea
in 1999 and genetics of Calanus euxinus (Copepoda). MSc,
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Üstün F, Bat L, Şahin F, Özdemir Z, Kideyş AE (2016). Seasonality
of mesozooplankton in the Southern Black Sea (off Sinop)
between 2002 and 2004. Journal of New Results in Science 11:
87-101.
- Uye S, Sano K (1995). Seasonal reproductive biology of the small
cyclopoid copepod Oithona davisae in a temperate eutrophic
inlet. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 118: 121-128.
- WoRMS Editorial Board (2017). World Register of Marine Species.
Available from http://www.marinespecies.org (accessed 18
December 2017).
- Yıldız İ, Feyzioğlu AM (2014). Biological diversity and seasonal
variation of mesozooplankton in the southeastern Black Sea
coastal ecosystem. Turk J Zool 38: 179-190.
- Yılmaz NI, Okus E, Yüksek A (2005). Evidences for influence of
a heterotrophic dinoflagellate (Noctiluca scintillans) on
zooplankton community structure in a highly stratified basin.
Estuar Coast Shelf S 64: 475–485.
- Zhong Z (1988). Marine Planktonology. Beijing, China: China Ocean
Press and Springer-Verlag.