Bu çal›flmada, Yukar› Sakarya havzas›nda tespit edilen befl istasyondan Ekim 1995-1996 tarihleri aras›nda yafllar› 1-2 aras›nda de¤iflen 80 sazan (Cyprinus carpio) (her istasyondan 16) örne¤i mevsimsel olarak toplanm›flt›r. Bal›klar›n solungaç, karaci¤er ve böbrek morfolojilerinde meydana gelen yap›sal de¤ifliklikler incelenmifltir. Sucul ortam› habitat olarak kullanan bal›klar›n solungaçlar› bulunduklar› çevre ile do¤rudan temasta olduklar› için, sudaki kirleticilerin yol açt›¤› doku hasarlar›n› direkt olarak yans›tmaktad›rlar. Bu nedenle incelemelerde en fazla solungaçlar›n etkilendi¤i, sekonder solungaç lamellerinin birbiri ile kaynaflt›¤› ve normal görünümlerinin bozuldu¤u saptanm›flt›r. Solungaç epitelinde tespit edilen di¤er histopatolojik lezyonlar hiperplazi, müköz hücrelerinin hipersegresyonu ve primer lamelin ayr›lmas›d›r. Karaci¤er dokusunda hipertrofi, konjesyon ile özellikle lobüllerin perifer bölgelerinde mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonu tespit edilmifltir. Böbrek dokusunda saptanan patolojik lezyonlar ise özellikle tübül epitel hücrelerinde hipertrofi, nüklear piknoz ve absorbsiyon yüzeyinin tahrip olmas›d›r.Sonuç olarak, bu çal›flmada 5 istasyon birbiri ile karfl›laflt›r›larak incelenmifl ve en yüksek kirlilik 3., 4. ve 5. istasyonlarda tespit edilmifltir. Bal›k dokular›nda yap›lan mikroskobik incelemelerde, solungaçlar›n birincil hedef organ oldu¤u ve patolojik bulgular›n s›ras›yla karaci¤er ve böbreklerde meydana geldi¤i saptanm›flt›r.

In this study, 80 carp specimens (Cyprinus carpio) (16 fish from each station) of ages between 1-2 were caught at five stations in the upper Sakarya river basin the four seasons between October 1995 and October 1996. The structural changes of gill, liver and spleen tissue of the carp were examined. The gills of fishes which live in aquatic habitat exhibit tissue lesions caused by water pollutants, because they are in direct contact with their environment. In the results of this study, it was found at secondary lamellae fused together, and the gills are the most affected organs. Other histopathological lesions, hyperplasia, hypersecretion of mucous cells and separation of the primary lamella were found in the gill epithelium. Also, hypertrophy, congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration were detected in the liver tissue especially in the peripheral region of lobules. In the kidney tissue, pathological lesions which included hypertrophy, nuclear pyknosis and disruption of the absorption surface, were detected especially in tubular epithelial cells. Proximal tubular degeneration was observed in the kidney tissue. In the results the 5 stations were compared with one another and the highest pollution was estimated to be at the 3rd, 4th and 5th stations. Microscopical examinations of fish tissue showed that the gills are the organs primarily affected and pathological findings were established in the liver and kidney.