Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Leptospirosis in Aborted Dairy Cows

This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and leptospirosis in aborted dairy cattle. For this purpose, serum samples were collected from 163 aborted dairy cattle that had no history of vaccination against either brucellosis or leptospirosis. The antibodies against B. abortus were detected in these serum samples as 68.1%, 65.6%, 58.9% and 55.2%, respectively by the Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA), Complement Fixation Test (CFT), Rosebengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT). In the study, the serum samples were also collected from 15 healthy dairy cattle which had been vaccinated with reduced dose of B. abortus S-19 vaccine six months before the collection of the serum samples. These serum samples were used to compare the differences in the antibody titers between the vaccinated and naturally infected dairy cows by using C-ELISA and CFT. It was found that the animals vaccinated with this vaccine should be revaccinated before six months. Serum samples of aborted cows were then used to detect dominant Leptospira serovars by ELISA and Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). MAT was used as a standard test to establish the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for leptospirosis. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 92.6% and 92%, respectively, when L. hardjo antigen was used for both tests. It is found that the total of 66 (40.5%) of sera were positive for both L. grippotyphosa and L. hardjo antigens and 46 (28.2%) sera were positive for antibodies against L. hardjo and 39 (23.9%) of these sera were positive for antibodies against L. grippotyphosa by MAT. None of the sera was positive for other Leptospira serovars tested.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Brucellosis, leptospirosis, serology, abortion, cattle

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Leptospirosis in Aborted Dairy Cows

Keywords:

Brucellosis, leptospirosis, serology, abortion, cattle,

PDF

___

Anonymous: Office Intenational des Epizooties. World Organisation for animal health. Manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines. 3 rd ed., ISBN, 92-9044-423-1, 1996. 2. Corner, L.A., Alton, G.G., Iyer, H.: Distribution of Brucella abortus in infected cattle. Aust. Vet. J., 1987; 64: 241-244. 3. Hungerford, T.G.: Diseases of Livestock. 9thed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, Sydney. 1990; 1302-1304. 4.
Corbel, M.J., Brinley-Morgan, W.J.: Brucella. In: Bergey’s Manual
of Determinative Bacteriology, 9thed., Williams and Wilkins,
Baltimore. 1994; 377-388. 5.
Fensterbank, R.: Brucellosis in cattle, sheep and goats. OIE
Technical Series No.6. 1987; 9-35. 6.
Radostitis, O.M., Blood, D.C., Gay, C.C.: Veterinary Medicine. A
Textbook of The Diseases of Catlle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and
Horses. 8thed. Bailliere, Tindall. 1994; 803-812. Carter, G.R., Chengappa, M.M.: Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology. 4thed., Lea -Febiger, Philadelphia. 1991; 196-201. Nicoletti, P.: Brucella. In: Diagnostic Procedures in Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, 5th ed. 1990; 95-104. 9. Kenar, B. , Erganifl, O. , Kaya, O., Güler, E.: Konya bölgesinde atıklara sebep olan Brucella, Campylobacter, Salmonella ve Chlamydia'ların bakteriolojik ve serolojik incelenmesi. Veterinarium, 1990; 1: 17-20.
Sağlam, Y.S., Türkütanıt, S.S., Tafltan, R., Bozoğlu,H., Otlu, S.: Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde görülen bakteriyel koyun ve sığır abortlarının etiyolojik ve patolojik yönden incelenmesi. Vet. Bil. Derg. 1998; 14: 133-145.
Mohan, K., Makaya, P.V., Muvavarirma, P., Matope, G., Mahembe, E., Pawandiwa, A.: Brucellosis surveillance and control in Zimbabwe: bacteriological and serological investigation in dairy herds. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res., 1996; 63: 47-51.
İyisan, A.S., Akmaz Ö, Düzgün S., Ersoy Y., Eskiizmirliler, S., Güler, L., Gündüz, K., Iflık, N., İçyerioğlu, K., Kalender, H., Karaman, Z., Küçükayan, U., Özcan, C., Seyitoğlu, fi., Tuna, İ., Tunca, T., Üstünakın, K., Yurtalan, S.: Türkiye'de sığır ve koyunlarda brucellosis'in seroepidemiyolojisi. Pendik Vet. Mikrobiyol. Derg., 2000; 31: 21-75.
Alton, G.G., Jones, L.M., Angus, R.D., Verger, J.M.: Techniques for the Brucellosis Laboratory, INRA, Paris, France. 1988; 34-60.
Corbel, M.J., Gill, K.P.W., Thomas, E.L.: Methods for the identification of Brucella. Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge, UK. 1983.
MacMillan, A.P.: Conventional serological tests. In: Nielsen, K., Duncan, J.R., Eds., Animal Brucellosis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1990; 153-198.
Gallien, P., Dorn, C., Alban, G., Staak, C., Protz, D.: Detection of Brucella species in organs of naturally infected cattle by polymerase chain reaction. Vet Rec., 1998; 142: 512-514.
Saz, J.V., Beltran, M., Diaz, A., Agulla, A., Merino, F.J., Villasente, P.A., Velasco, A.C. : Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for diagnosis of brucellosis. Europ. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1987; 6: 71- 74.
Blasco, J.M., Marin, C., Bagues, M.J., Barberan, M., Hernandez, A., Molina, L., Velasco, J., Diaz, R., Moriyon, I.: Evaluation of allergic and serological tests for diagnosing Brucella melitensis infection in sheep. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1994; 32: 1835-1840.
Alton, G.G., Jones, L.M., Angus, R.D., Verger, J.M.: Techniques for the Brucellosis Laboratory. Institut National de la Recherche Argonomique 147, rue de l’Universite, 75007 Paris, 1982.
Shehu, L.M., Yusuf, H., Kudi, A.C., Kalla, D.U.: Seroprevalence of brucellosis in ruminants in Bauchi and environs. Nigerian Vet. J., 1999; 20: 67-74.
Garin-Bastuji, B., Blasco, J.M.: Caprine and ovine brucellosis. In: Manual of Standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines, 3rded., Office International des Epizooties, Paris, France. 1997; 350- 362. Nielsen, K., Cherwonogrodzky, J., Duncan, J., Bundle, D.: Enzyme immunoassay for the differentiation of the antibody response of Brucella abortus infected or strain 19 vaccinated cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1989; 50: 5-10.
Nielsen, K., Kelly, L., Gall, D., Nicoletti, P., Kelly, W.: Improved competitive enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 1995; 46: 285-288.
Nielsen, K., Kelly, L., Gall, D., Balsevicus, S., Bosse, J., Nicoletti, P., Kelly, W.: Comparison of enzyme immunoassays for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. Prev. Vet. Med., 1996; 26: 17- 20.
Nielsen, K., Gall, D., Jolley, M., Leishman, G., Balsevicus, S., Smith, P., Nicoletti, P., Thomas, F.: A homogeneous fluorescence polarization assay for detection of antibody to Brucella abortus. J. Immunol. Methods., 1996; 195: 161-168.
Dajer, A., Luna-Martinez, E., Zapata,D., Villegas, S., Gutierrez, E., Pena, G., Gurria, F., Nielsen, K., Gall, D.: Evaluation of a fluorescence-polarization assay for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in Mexico. Prev. Vet. Med., 1999; 40: 67-73.
Stack, J.A., Perrett, L.L., Brew, S.D., Macmillan, A.P.: Competitive ELISA for bovine brucellosis suitable for testing poor quality samples. Vet. Rec., 1999; 145: 735-736.
Anonymous: SVANOVIRTM. Brucella abortus C-ELISA test kit for the detection of antibodies in serum. Catolog. Svanova Biotech S- 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden. 2000.
Arda, M., Mimbay, A., Leloğlu, N., Aydın, N., Akay, Ö.: Özel Mikrobiyoloji, Bakteriyel ve Mikotik İnfeksiyonlar. Atatürk Üniversitesi Basımevi, Erzurum, 1992; 197-218.
Berchovich, Z., Taaijke, R., Bokhout, B.A.: Evaluation of an ELISA for the diagnosis of experimentally induced and naturally occurring Leptospira hardjo infections in cattle. Vet. Microbiol., 1990; 21: 255-262.
Lawry, O.M., Rosebrough, M.J., Farr, A.L., Randal, R.J.: Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 1951; 193: 265-275.
Theirmann, A.B., Garrett, L.A.: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the detection of antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovarhardjo and pomona in cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1983; 44: 884-887.
http://www.clive.ed.ac.uk/winepiscope/ Win Episcope 2.0, August 2000.
Dunjan, J.K.: Animal brucellosis. CRC Press, Boston. 1990; pp. 200-379.
Güllüce, M., Leloğlu, N.: Kars ve çevresinde sığırlarda Brucella abortus'a karflı oluflan antikorların ELISA ve diğer serolojik yöntemlerle (RBPT, SAT, MRT) saptanması ve sonuçların karflılafltırılması. I. Ulusal Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, 27-29 Eylül, Ankara. 1994; 46.
Demirözü, K., Çelik, M., İyisan, A.S.: Kars İlinde Brusellozis Hastalığının Seroepidemiyolojisi. I. Ulusal Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, Ankara. 1994; 48. fieyda, T., Aydın, F., Genç, O., Güler, M.A., Baz, E.: Sığır serumlarında mikroaglütinasyon test ile brusella antikorlarının arafltırılması. Kafkas Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg., 1997; 3: 7-11. Aydın, F., Leloğlu, N., fiahin, M., Otlu, S.: Kars Yöresinde Sığır ve Koyunlarda Görülen Abortların Bakteriyolojik Yönden Arafltırılması. I. Ulusal Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi 27-29 Eylül, Ankara. 1994; 47.
Genç, O., Otlu, S., fiahin, M., Kamber, U.: İnek atıklarından izole edilen Brucella abortus sufllarının biyotiplendirilmesi. V. Ulusal Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi Kongre Özet Kitabı, 24-26 Eylül, Konya. 2002; 40.
Anonymous: Brucellosis Mücadele Talimatnamesi. T.C. Tarım Orman ve Köyiflleri Bakanlığı Koruma ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü, Hayvancılık Arafltırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Ofset Tesisleri Lalahan, Ankara. 1990; 189: 1-10.
Mahajan, N.K., Kulshreshtha, R.C.: Comparison of serological tests for B. melitensis infection in sheep. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 1991; 23: 11-16.
Bulu, A.A., Dörterler, R., Özkan, Ö., Hofltürk, F.: Doğu Anadolunun bazı illerinde (Kars, Artvin, Gümüflhane, Erzurum) sığır ve koyunlarda leptospirozis vakaları, yayılıfl ve serotipler üzerine arafltırma. Etlik Vet. Mikrobiol. Derg., 1990; 6: 49-60. Özdemir, V.: Türkiye’de leptospirozisin dağılımı ve serotiplendirilmesi üzerine bir çalıflma. I. Ulusal Vet. Mikrobiyol. Kongresi Kitapçığı, Ankara. 1994; 34.
Çetinkaya, B., Ertafl, H.B., Muz, A., Öngör, H., Kalender, H., Özdemir, V.: Elazığ ilinde sığır leptospirosis’inin seroprevalansının saptanması. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 1999; 23: 633-639.
Ertafl, H.B., Çetinkaya, B., Muz, A., Öngör, H., Özdemir, V., Yazıcıoğlu, M.: Elazığ sığırlarda Leptospira seroprevalansının mikroskobik aglütinasyon testi (MAT) ve ELISA ile saptanması. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 2002; 26: 1415-1420.
fiahin, M., Aydın, F., Özdemir, V., Genç, O., Güler, M.A.: Kars ve Ardahan illerinde sığır leptospirozisinin kültürel ve serolojik yöntemlerle arafltırılması. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 2002; 26: 17- 25.
Fairbrother, J.M.: Antibody response to genus and serovar specific leptospiral antigens in leptospira infected cows. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1985; 46: 1422-1426.
Cousins, D.V., Robertson, G.M., Hustas, L.: The use of Enzyme–Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect the IgM and IgG antibody response to Leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo, pomona and tarassovi in cattle. Vet. Microbiol., 1985; 10: 439-450.