DRAGICA VOJINOVIC, NATASA BOGICEVIC, ANA VASIC, MARIJA MANIC, MILICA ELEZOVIC RADOVANOVIC, DRAGAN ROGOZARSKI, JOVAN MARIC, MIROSLAV VALCIC

Seroepidemiological survey of leptospiral infection in stray dogs in Serbia

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis with worldwide distribution. This disease is facilitated among stray dogs due to their lifestyle and the absence of immunoprophylaxis. The aim of the present study was to provide serological data on the presence of certain serovars of Leptospira spp., which are assumed to circulate in the population of stray dogs in Serbia. During a period of 3 years (from April 2010 to June 2013), 1045 canine sera originating from 11 shelters were submitted to the laboratory of the Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Diseases of Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade. A microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed to detect antibodies to Leptospira (cutoff, 1:100). The overall seroprevalence was 5.45% (57/1045) and the most prevalent Leptospira serovars were Icterohaemorrhagiae 33.3% (19/57), Pomona 29.8% (17/57), Canicola 14.0% (8/57), Grippotyphosa 3.5% (2/57), Bataviae 1.7 % (1/57), and Sejroe 1.7% (1/57). All dogs were seronegative for antibodies against serovars Australis and Bratislava. The results showed that stray dogs contribute to the spread and maintenance of Leptospira spp. İn Serbia. Due to close contact with humans it is very important to improve the prevention of leptospirosis in dogs and support a One Health approach.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Leptospira, stray dogs, Serbia, serology, seroprevalence

Seroepidemiological survey of leptospiral infection in stray dogs in Serbia

Keywords:

Leptospira, stray dogs, Serbia, serology, seroprevalence,

PDF

___

Sessions JK, Greene CE. Canine leptospirosis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 2004; 26: 606–623.
Greene CE, Sykes JE, Brown CA, Hartman K. Leptospirosis. In: Greene CE, editor. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 3rd ed. St Louis, MO, USA: Saunders Elsevier; 2006. pp. 402–417.
Bolin CA. Diagnosis of leptospirosis: a reemerging disease of companion animals. Sem Vet Med Surg 1996; 11: 166–171.
Alton GD, Berke O, Reid-Smith R, Ojkic D, Prescott JF. Increase in seroprevalence of canine leptospirosis and its risk factors, Ontario 1998-2006. Can J Vet Res 2009; 73: 167–175.
Faine S, Adler B, Bolin C, Pérolat P. Leptospira and Leptospirosis. 2nd ed. Melbourne, Australia: MediSci; 1999.
Gay N, Soupé-Gilbert ME, Goarant C. Though not reservoirs, dogs might transmit leptospira in New Caledonia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014; 11: 4316–4325.
de Paula Dreer MK, Gonçalves DD, da Silva Caetano IC, Gerônimo E, Menegas PH, Bergo D, Ruiz Lopes-Mori FM, Benitez A, de Freitas JC, Evers F et al. Toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis and brucellosis in stray dogs housed at the shelter in Umuarama municipality, Parana, Brazil. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2013; 19: 23–30.
Van de Maele I, Claus A, Haesebrouck F, Daminet S. Leptospirosis in dogs: a review with emphasis on clinical aspects. Vet Rec 2008; 163: 409–413.
Jull DJ, Heath KR. The evaluation of a combined L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae vaccine on hamsters and dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1961; 1: 245–258.
Harkin KR. Leptospirosis. In: Bonagura JD, Twedt DC, editors. Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XIV. St Louis, MO, USA: Saunders Elsevier; 2009. pp. 1237–1240.
Office International des Epizootics. Chapter 2.1.9. Leptospirosis. In: Manual for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Paris, France: Office Intl Des Epizooties; 2008. pp. 251–264.
Grupa autora. Priručnik za laboratorijsku dijagnostiku – Standardizacija dijagnostičkih metoda za bakterijske, virusne i parazitske bolesti životinja čije je suzbijanje propisano zakonom. In: Trbić V, editor. Leptospiroza. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: OZID; 1984. pp. 135–146 (in Serbian).
Vojinović D, Samokovlija A, Elezović M, Rogožarski D, İuričić B. Determination of specific antibodies to Leptospira spp. in population of stray dogs in the republic of Serbia. In: Milas Z, editor. Book of Abstracts, European Meeting of Leptospirosis- Eurolepto 2012. Dubrovnik, Croatia: 2012. pp. 29.
Trifunović Ž, Nešić D, Marinković D, Kaljević S, Ružić R. Stanje Leptospira u pasa sa teritorije skupštine grada Beograda. In: Zbornik radova I Simpozijuma Male Životinje i Urbana Sredina. Primošten, Yugoslavia: 1977. pp. 23–25 (in Serbian).
Ellis WA. Control of canine leptospirosis in Europe: time for a change? Vet Rec 2010; 167: 602–605.
Vukičević О, Dmitrović R, Kataranovski D, Lako B, Kostović М. Leptospire u populaciji sivog pacova (Rattus norvegicus BERK., Rodentia) na području Beograda. In: II Beogradska konferencija o suzbijanju štetnih artropoda i glodara sa međunarodnim učešćem, Zbornik radova. Belgrade, Serbia: 1999. pp. 159–163 (in Serbian).
Radivojević S, Ljubić B, Stanojević S. Epidemiološka situacija leptospiroze na području Beograda, 1994-2009. In: XXII Savetovanje: Dezinfekcija, Dezinsekcija i Deratizacija u Zaštiti Zdravlja. Ečka, Serbia: FVM; 2011. pp. 50–55 (in Serbian).
Kemenes F, Papp L. Isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona from the urine of a dog and its infectious spectra in various experimental animals. Trop Geogr Med 1987; 39: S9.
Modric Z, Culjak K, Hahn V. Leptospirosis in a dog caused by Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona. Veterinarski Glasnik 1987; 41: 43–47 (article in Serbian with English and Russian abstracts).
Cătană N, Fodor I. Research regarding the prevalence of leptospirosis in stray dogs. University of agronomical sciences and veterinary medicine, Bucharest, Faculty of veterinary medicine; scientific works. C series. Veterinary medicine. 2006; 52: 322–327.
Ghneim GS, Viers JH, Chomel BB, Kass PH, Descollonges DA, Johnson ML. Use of a case-control study and geographic information systems to determine environmental and demographic risk factors for canine leptospirosis. Vet Res 2007; 38: 37–50.
Claus A, De Maele IV, Pasmans F, Gommeren K, Daminet S. Leptospirosis in dogs: a retrospective study of seven clinical cases in Belgium. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 2008; 77: 259–263.
Renaud C, Andrews S, Djelouadji Z, Lecheval S, Corrao-Revol N, Buff B, Demont P, Kodjo A. Prevalence of the Leptospira serovars bratislava, grippotyphosa, mozdok and pomona in French dogs. Vet J 2013; 196: 126–127.
Stokes JE, Kaneene JB, Schall WD, Kruger J, Miller RA, Kaiser L, Bolin C. Prevalence of serum antibodies against six Leptospira serovars in healthy dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 230: 1657–1664.
Štritof Majetić Z, Habuš J, Milas Z, Mojčec Perko V, Starešina V, Turk N. Serological survey of canine leptospirosis in Croatia - the changing epizootiology of the disease. Vet Arhiv 2012; 82: 183–191.
Levett PN. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001; 14: 296– 326.
André-Fontaine G. Canine leptospirosis—do we have a problem? Vet Microbiol 2006; 117: 19–24.