The Caucasian honey bee (Apis mellifera caucasia subspecies of Apis mellifera L.) is one of the most common and prominent honey bee breeds in Turkey. The morphometry of endemic honey bee breeds has been extensively studied, but little attention has been given to the microscopic morphology of these bees. The aim of the current study was to describe for the first time the histomorphology of the midgut and hindgut of the Caucasian honey bee in Turkey. A total of 20 local Caucasian adult honey bee workers were sampled for histomorphological and histochemical analysis. The midgut epithelium consisted of epithelial cells with different morphologies. Acidic, neutral, and mixed mucosubstances were found in the luminal surfaces of the cells and peritrophic membranes. The ileum mostly consisted of an epithelium containing columnar cells that usually had basal nuclei. The rectum of adult workers had a single-layered epithelium externally, involving a layer of inner circular and outer longitudinal muscles. There were 6 long hollow rectal pads in the median-anterior area of the rectum. These results contribute in detail to our understanding of the histomorphology of the Caucasian (A. m. caucasia) honey bee.