Effects of Alcohol and Passive Smoking on Some Hematological Variables of Swiss Albino Mice
In this study effects of alcohol and passive smoking on certain hematological variables were studied in 137 female and 85 male adult Swiss albino mice. The animals of both sexes were divided into four groups serving as controls, and alcohol (ALC), passive cigarette (PCS) and ALC+PCS exposure traits. Exposures were made with 10%, 20% or 30% v/v alcohol in drinking water, and 4, 8 or 12-lit cigarettes per cage and day for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd to 7th weeks of the experiment, respectively. Blood was collected at the end of the experiment from tail tip for determination of hematological variables. The data were analyzed via M-ANOVA. A p value of
Effects of Alcohol and Passive Smoking on Some Hematological Variables of Swiss Albino Mice
In this study effects of alcohol and passive smoking on certain hematological variables were studied in 137 female and 85 male adult Swiss albino mice. The animals of both sexes were divided into four groups serving as controls, and alcohol (ALC), passive cigarette (PCS) and ALC+PCS exposure traits. Exposures were made with 10%, 20% or 30% v/v alcohol in drinking water, and 4, 8 or 12-lit cigarettes per cage and day for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd to 7th weeks of the experiment, respectively. Blood was collected at the end of the experiment from tail tip for determination of hematological variables. The data were analyzed via M-ANOVA. A p value of
___
- Bridges, R.B., Wyatt, R.J., Rehm, S.R.: Effect of smoking on
- peripheral blood leukocytes and serum antiproteases. Eur. J.
- Respir. Dis. Suppl., 1985; 139: 24-33.
- Whitehead, T.P., Robinson, D., Allaway, S.L., Hale, A.C.: The effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on blood hemoglobin, erythrocytes and leukocytes: a dose related study on male subjects. Clin. Lab. Haematol., 1995; 17: 131-138.
- Bridges, R.B., Hsieh, L.: Effects of cigarette smoke fractions on the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J. Leukoc. Biol., 1986; 40: 73-85.
- Moszczynski, P., Legiec, C.: Biological effects of cigarette smoking assessed with the TNB test. Folia Haematol., 1989; 116: 157- 160.
- Moszczynski, P., Slowinski, S., Lisiewickz, J.: Effect of tobacco smoking on selected immunologic indices. Folia Haematol., 1989; 116: 305-310.
- Leichter, J.: Growth of fetuses of rats exposed to ethanol and cigarette smoke during gestation. Growth Develop. Aging, 1989; 53: 129-134.
- Abel, E.L., Dintcheff, B.A., Day N.: Effects of in utero exposure to alcohol, nicotine, and alcohol plus nicotine on growth and development in rats. Neurobehav. Toxicol., 1979; 1: 153-159.
- Riesenfeld, A.: Growth-depressing effects of alcohol and nicotine in two strains of rats. Acta Anat., 1985; 122: 18-24.
- Oyama, L.M., Couto, R.C., Couto, G.E., Damaso, A.R., Oller do Nascimento, C.M.: Ethanol intake during lactation. I: Effects on dams’ metabolism and pups’ body weight gain. Alcohol, 2000; 21: 195-200.
- Araki, K., Rifkind, J.M.A.: The rate of osmotic hemolysis: a relationship with membrane bilayer fluidity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1981; 645: 81-90.
- Rosin, J., Bartosz, G., Wronska-Nofer, T.: Studies on the effect of ethanol and/or toluene on rat erythrocytes. J. Appl. Toxicol., 1988; 8: 369-372.
- Bridges, A.B., Scott, N.A., Parry, G.J., Belch, J.J.: Age, sex, cigarette smoking and indices of free radical activity in healthy humans. Eur. J. Med., 1993; 2: 205-208.
- Sozmen, E.Y., Tanyalcin, T., Onat, T., Kutay, F., Erlacin, S.: Ethanol induced oxidative stress and membrane injury in rat erythrocytes. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem., 1994; 32: 741- 744.
- Wirth, D.: Grundlagen einer klinischen Hämatologie der Haustiere. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Wien, 1950.
- Fairbanks, V.F., Klee, G.G.: Biochemical aspects of hematology. In: Tietz, N.W., Ed. Fundamentals of clinical chemistry. 3rded., W.B. Saunders Company Philadelphia 1987; 789-824.
- Jain N.C.: Schalm’s veterinary hematology. 4thed., Lea & Febiger Philedelphia, 1986.
- Sachs, L.: Angewandte Statistik: Anwendung statistischer Methoden. Zehnte Überbearbeite Auflage. Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, 2002.
- Sanft, H.J., Schulz, K.: Hämatologische Veränderungen nach chronischem Alkoholabuses. Folia Haematol., 1983; 110: 540- 563.
- MØrland, H., MØrland, B.: Different effects of ethanol on particle phagocytosis via different receptors in human monocytes. APMIS 1989; 97: 853-857.
- Watanabe, K., Eto, K., Mori, T., Kawasaki, H., Gomita, Y.: Effect of cigarette smoke on lipid peroxidation and liver function tests in rats. Acta Med. Okayama, 1995; 49: 271-274.
- Thurman, R.G.: Sex-related liver injury due to alcohol involves activation of Kupffer cells by endotoxin. Can. J. Gastroenterol., 2000; 14 (Suppl D): 129D-135D.
- Boyelt, J.D., Butterworth C.E. Jr.: Lead poisoning and hemoglobin synthesis. Am. J. Med., 1962; 32: 884-890.
- Ericson, M., Engel, J.A., Soderpalm, B.: Peripheral involvement in nicotine-induced enhancement of ethanol intake. Alcohol, 2000; 21: 37-47.
- Saah, M.I., Raygada, M., Grunberg, N.E.: Effects of nicotine on body weight and plasma insulin in female and male rats. Life Sci., 1994; 55: 925-931.