Banur BOYNUKARA, Timur GÜLHAN, Fethiye ÇÖVEN, İlhami KİZİROĞLU, Atilla DURMUŞ

Determination of Newcastle disease virus among wild bird populations in Lake Van basin, Turkey

In this study, 540 feces samples taken from a total of 22 bird species, including transit migrant, winter visitor, migratory, and resident bird species, in Lake Van basin were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with respect to the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). All of the feces samples were cultured in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) for NDV isolation. The NDV isolates were analyzed for virulent fusion (F) protein by RT reverse transcription PCR (RRT-PCR). Of the 540 examined feces samples, 28 (5.18%) were found to be positive by RT-PCR. The same samples were cultured in ECEs and, of those, 9 (1.66%) were positive for NDV isolations. Of the isolates, 7 were obtained from the migrant waterfowls Phoenicopterus ruber, Anas clypeata, Aythya ferina, and Aythya fuligula and 2 were from the resident species Columba livia. The RRT-PCR F protein was determined in 1 isolate belonging to Aythya ferina; this strain was typed as mesogenic/velogenic avian paramyxovirus type 1 and the other 8 isolates as lentogenic. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the presence of NDV in wild, seemingly healthy bird feces from areas in Lake Van basin, in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Fusion protein, matrix protein, Newcastle disease virus, pathotype, RT-PCR, wild birds

Determination of Newcastle disease virus among wild bird populations in Lake Van basin, Turkey

Keywords:

Key words: Fusion protein, matrix protein, Newcastle disease virus, pathotype, RT-PCR, wild birds,

PDF

___

Shengqing, Y., Shinya, K., Otsuki, K., Ito, H., Ito, T.: Isolation of myxoviruses from migratory waterfowls in San-in district, western Japan in winters of 1997–2000. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 2002; 64: 1049–1052.
Ke, G.M., Yu, S.W., Ho, C.H., Chu, P.Y., Ke, L.Y., Lin, K.H., Tsai, Y.C., Liu, H.J., Lin, M.Y.: Characterization of newly emerging Newcastle disease viruses isolated during 2002–2008 in Taiwan. Virus Res., 2010; 147: 247–257.
Wise, M.G., Suarez, D.L., Seal, B.S., Pedersen, J.C., Senne, D.A., King, D.J., Kapczynski, D.R., Spackman, E.: Development of a real-time reverse-transcription PCR for detection of Newcastle disease virus RNA. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2004; 42: 329–338.
Deutz, A., Fuchs, K., Schuller, W., Nowotny, N., Auer, H., Aspöck, H., Stünzner, D., Kerbl, U., Klement, C., Köfer, J.: [Seroepidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters in southeastern Austria--prevalences, risk factors, and preventive methods]. Berl. Munch. Tierarztl., 2003; 116: 306– 3 (Article in German)
Jorn, K.S., Thompson, K.M., Larson, J.M., Blair, J.E.: Polly can make you sick: Pet bird-associated diseases. Clev. Clin. J. Med., 2009; 76: 235–243.
Zarkov, I., Bochev, I., Oreshkova, N., Manvell, R.: Isolation of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) from free-living mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) (preliminary communication). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 2005; 8: 173–181.
Snoeck, C.J., Ducatez, M.F., Owoade, A.A., Faleke, O.O., Alkali, B.R., Tahita, M.C., Tarnagda, Z., Ouedraogo, J.B., Maikano, I., Mbah, P.O., Kremer, J.R., Muller, C.P.: Newcastle disease virus in west Africa: New virulent strains identified in noncommercial farms. Arch. Virol., 2009; 154: 47–54.
Lindh, E., Huovilainen, A., Rätti, O., Ek-Kommonen, C., Sironen, T., Huhtamo, E., Pöysä, H., Vaheri, A., Vapalahti, O.: Orthomyxo-, paramyxo- and flavivirus infections in wild waterfowl in Finland. Virol. J., 2008; 5: 1–15.
Soares, P.B.M., Demétrio, C., Sanfilippo, L., Kawanoto, A.H.N., Brentano, L., Durigon, E.L.: Standardization of a duplex RTPCR for the detection of influenza A and Newcastle disease viruses in migratory birds. J. Virol. Methods, 2005; 123: 125– 1
Stanislawek, W.L., Wilks, C.R., Meers, J., Horner, G.W., Alexander, D.J., Manvell, R.J., Kattenbelt, J.A., Gould, A.R.: Avian paramyxoviruses and influenza viruses isolated from mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in New Zealand. Arch. Virol., 2002; 147: 1287–1302.
Chen, H.T., Zhang, J., Sun, DH., Zhang, J.L., Cai, X.P., Liu, X.T., Ding, Y.Z., Ma, L.N., Yang, S.H., Jin, L., Liu, Y.: Rapid discrimination of H5 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza viruses and Newcastle disease virus by multiplex RT-PCR. Vet. Res. Commun., 2008; 32: 491–498.
Seal, B.S., King, D.J., Sellers, H.S.: The avian response to Newcastle disease virus. Dev. Comp. Immunol., 2000; 24: 257–268.
Kiziroğlu, İ.: Türkiye Kuşları Kırmızı Listesi. The Red Data Book for Birds of Turkey. Ankamat Matbaacılık, Turkish/ English, Ankara, 2008; 168.
Kiziroğlu, İ.: Türkiye Kuşları Cep Kitabı. The Pocketbook for Birds of Turkey. Ankamat Matbaacılık, Turkish/English, Ankara, 2009; 568.
Boynukara, B., Gülhan, T., Adızel, Ö., İlhan, Z., Aksakal, A., Durmuş, A., Ekin, İ.H., Öğün, E., Çöven, F., Solmaz, H.: Determination of avian influenza A viruses in some avian species in Van Lake basin by real time-PCR, isolation and subtyping. JAVA, 2011; 10: 502–510.
World Health Organization (WHO): Manual on Animal Influenza Diagnosis and Surveillance. WHO/CDS/CSR/ NCS/2002.5 Rev.1. 2002; http://www.who.int/csr/resources/ publications/influenza/en/whocdscsrncs20025rev.pdf (accessed 10 September 2011).
Office International Epizootica (OIE): Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, Chapter 2.03.14, 2009; 576-589. http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/ Health_standards/tahm/2.03.14_NEWCASTLE_DIS.pdf (accessed 10 September 2011).
Çöven, F., Alexander, D.J., Mısırlıoğlu, Z., Özdemir, İ.: A study of paramyxovirus-1 infection in pigeons. Bornova Vet. Kont. Araş. Enst. Derg., 1999; 24: 1–10. (Article in Turkish with an abstract in English)
Hanson, B.A., Swayne, D.E., Senne, D.A., Lobpries, D.S., Hurst, J., Stallknecht, D.E.: Avian influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses in wintering and resident ducks in Texas. J. Wildlife Dis., 2005; 41: 624–628.
Dakman, A., Güleç, M., Günaydın, E., Coşar, M.: Pathotyping of the Newcastle disease virus strains isolated from the domestic and wild birds. Etlik Vet. Mikrobiyol. Derg., 2008; 19: 19– (Article in Turkish with an abstract in English)
Jahangir, A., Ruenphet, S., Ueda, S., Ueno, Y., Shoham, D., Shindo, J., Okamura, M., Nakamura, M., Takehara, K.: Avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses from northern pintail in Japan: Isolation, characterization and inter-annual comparisons during 2006–2008. Virus Res., 2009; 143: 44–52.
Zanetti, F., Berinstein, A., Pereda, A., Taboga, O., Carrillo, E.: Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus isolates from healthy wild birds. Avian Dis., 2005; 49: 546–550.
Wobeser, G., Leighton, F.A., Norman, R., Myers, D.J., Onderka, D., Pybus, M.J., Neufeld, J.L., Fox, G.A., Alexander, D.J.: Newcastle disease in wild water birds in western Canada, 1990. Can. Vet. J., 1993; 34: 353–359.
Takakuwa, H., Ito, T., Takada, A., Okazaki, K., Kida, H.: Potentially virulent Newcastle disease viruses are maintained in migratory waterfowl populations. Jpn. J. Vet. Res., 1998; 45: 207–215.
Peroulis, I., O’Riley, K.: Detection of avian paramyxoviruses and influenza viruses amongst wild bird populations in Victoria. Aust. Vet. J., 2004; 82: 79–82.
Račnik, J., Slavec, B., Trilar, T., Zadravec, M., Dovč, A., Krapež, U., Barlič-Maganja, D., Rojs, O.Z.: Evidence of avian influenza virus and paramyxovirus subtype 2 in wild-living passerine birds in Slovenia. Eur. J. Wildl. Res., 2008; 54: 529–532.
Çöven, F., Manvell, R., Orhan, G., Çöven, N., Genç, A.: Isolation and identification of avian paramyxoviruses from Newcastle diseases suspected broiler and layer flocks. 6th National Congress of Veterinary Microbiology, 2004; 221–222. Çöven, F., Tepedelen, E., Didrickson, Ö.K., Can, Ö.K., Bilgin, C.: Investigation of the role of wild birds in spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in Turkey. 9th National Congress of Veterinary Microbiology, 2010; 228–229. Gülhan, T., Boynukara, B., Durmuş, A., Kiziroğlu, İ., Sancak, Y.C.: Enteric bacteria and some pathogenic properties of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Escherichia coli strains isolated from wild ducks and gulls. Fresenius Environ. Bull., 2012; 21: 1961–1966.