Accumulation of Lead in the Gill, Liver, Kidney and Brain Tissues of Tilapia zilli

In this study, the accumulation of lead in various tissues of Tilapia zilli was tested at varying concentrations of lead in the medium for different exposure times. Experimental animals were exposed to 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm lead over periods of 1, 7, 15 and 30 days and accumulation of lead in gill, liver, kidney and brain tissues was determined by atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry (AAS). In general, the accumulation of lead in tissues increased with increasing concentrations of lead in the experimental medium and with increasing time of experiment. The ratios of total lead in the tissues were 15.47, 6.10, 52.87 and 25.56% in the gill, liver, kidney and brain respectively (Kidney > Brain > Gill > Liver). The high level of lead accumulation in the kidney tissue may be explained by the fact that this tissue contains lead combaining proteins, and a high level of metal is disposed of with the aid of kidney tissue. Key Words: Lead, Tissue, Accumulation, Tilapia zilli

Accumulation of Lead in the Gill, Liver, Kidney and Brain Tissues of Tilapia zilli

Keywords:

Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 2002; 26: 471-477. Full text: pdf Other articles published in the same issue: Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. vol.26, iss.3.,

PDF

___

1. Mance, G.: Pollution Threat of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Environment. Elsevier, 363 pp, London, 1987.
2. Dobrowolski, J.W., Fertig, S.: Bioindication of the Contamination by Heavy Metals of People and Animals in the Regions of Some Metallurgical Works. Polish Academy of Sciences – The Krakow Section. Proceedings of the Mining and Geodesy Commission, Geodesy 35, 1990.
3. Langston, W.J.: Toxic Effects of Metals and the Incidence of Marine Ecosysteme In: Furness, R.W., Rainbow, P.S. (Ed.), Heavy Metals in the Marine Environment, 256 pp. CRS Press, New York, 1990.
4. Harrison, R.M.: Lead Pollution Causes and Control. University of Lancaster, Lancaster. Laxen D.P.H. London and New York, 1981.
5. Albert, L.A., Badillo F.: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol. 117. Ware, G. W. (Ed.), Environmental Lead in Mexico Springer – Verlag, New York Inc., 1991.
6. Kulikova, I., Selsuma, Z., Lengzdina, M.: Heavy Metals in Marine Organisms. Symposia Biologica Hungarica, 1985; 29, 141-151.
7. Nishihara, T., Shimamoto, T., Wen, K.G., Kondo, M.: Accumulation of Lead, Cadmium and Chromium in Several Organs and Tissues of Carp. Eisei Kagaku, 1985; 31(2), 119-123.
8. Canlı, M., Kargın, F.: A Comparative Study of Heavy Metal (Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) Accumulation in the Tissue of the Carp Cyprinus carpio and the Nile Fish Tilapia nilotica. Tr. J. Zoology, 1995; 19, 165- 171.
9. Zouranyika, M.F., Goredema, R.: Concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn in Bream, Oreochromis macruchii, During the 1996 Male Fish Deaths in Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe. J. Environ. Sci. Health, 1997; A 32(7), 1895-1906.
10. Douben, P.E.T., Koeman, J.H.: Effects of Sediments on Cadmium and Lead in the Stone Loach (Noemacheilus barbatulus L.). Aquatic Toxicol., 1989; 15, 253-268.
11. Sayer, M.D.J., Reader, J.P., Morris, R.: Embriyonic and Larval Development of Brown Trout, Salmo trutto L.: Exposure to Aluminium, Copper, Lead or Zinc in Soft Acid Water. J. Fish Biol., 1991; 38, 431-455.
12. Katti, S.R., Sathyanesan, A.G.: Lead Nitrate Induced Changes in the Brain Constituents of the Freshwater Fish Clarias batrachus. Neuro Toxicol., 1986; 3: 47-52.
13. Katti, S. R., Satyanesan, A.G.: Lead Nitrate Induced Changes in Lipid and Cholesterol Levels in the Freshwater Fish (Clarias batrachus). Toxicology Letters, 1983; 19, 93-96.
14. Tulasi, S. J.; Reddy, P.U.M., Romana Rao, J.V.: Accumulation of Lead and Effects on Total Lipids on Lipid Derivatives in the Fresh Water Fish Anabas Testudineus (Bloch) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 1992; 23, 33-38.
15. Pain, D.J.: Haematological Parameters as Predictors of Blood Lead and Indicators of Lead Poisoning in the Black Duck (Anas rubripes). Environ. Pollution, 1989; 60, 67-81.
16. Abdulla, M., Chmielnicka, J.: New Aspects of the Distribution and Metobolism of Essential Trace Elements. After Exposure to Toxic Metals. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 1990; 23, 25-53.
17. Murgueytio, A.M., Evans, R.G., Sterling, D., Serrano, F., Roberts, D.: Behaviors and Blood Lead Levels of Children in a Lead-Mining Area and Comparison Community. Environmental Health, January-February, 14-20, 1998.
18. Sastry, K.V., Gupta, P.K.: Histopathological and Enzymological Studies on the Effects of Chronic Lead Nitrate Intoxication in the Digestive System of a Freshwater Teleost, Channa punctatus. Environ. Res. 1978; 17, 472-479.
19. Rubio, R., Tineo, P., Torreblanca, A., Ramo, J.D., Mayans, J.D.: Histological and Electron Microscopical Observations on the Effects of Lead on Gills and Midgut Gland of Procambarus clarkii. Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 1991; 31-32, 347-352.
20. Dave, G., Xiu, R.: Toxicity of Mercury, Copper, Nichel, Lead and Cobalt to Embryos and Larvae of Zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 1991; 21, 126-134.
21. Legarbunu, I., Canton, L., Millan, E., Casado, A.: Trace Metal Levels in Fish from Unda River (Spain) Anguillidae, Mugillidae and Salmonidae. Environ. Technol. Lett, 1988; 9, 1373-1378.
22. Kalay, M.: Tilapia nilotica’da Karaciğer, Dalak, Böbrek, Kas ve Solungaç Dokularındaki Kadmiyum Birikiminin Total Protein Düzeyi ve İyon Dağılımı Üzerine Etkileri. Ç.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi. Eylül-1996. Adana.
23. Varanası, L., Markey, D.: Uptake and Release of Lead and Cadmium in Skin and Mukus of Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Comp. Biochem. Physial. 1978; 60 C,187-191.
24. Demichele, S.J.: Review, Nutrition of Lead. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.1984; Vol. 78A, No: 3, 401.
25. Saruhan, E., Toral, O.: Bir Tropik Balık Türü Olan Tilapia Nilotica (Lin.) 1758’ in Çukurova Bölgesinde Geliştirme Sorunları Üzerine Bir Tartışma Tübitak 7. Bilim Kongresi (9 Eylül – 3 Ekim 1980, İstanbul).
26. Ruparelia, S.G., Verma, Y., Saiyed, S.R., Raval, U.M.: Effects of Cadmium on Blood of Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), During Prolonged Exposure. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 1990; 45, 305-312.
27. Muramoto, S.: Elimination of Copper from Cu-Contaminated Fish by Long-Term Exposure to EDTA and Freshwater. J. Environ. Sci. Health, 1983; A18(3), 455-461.
28. Rohlf, J.F., Sokal, R.R.: ‘Statistical Tables’. W.H. and Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 253, 1969.
29. Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, J.F.: ‘Biometry’. W.H. and Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 776, 1969.
30. Erdem, C.: Cadmium Accumulation in Liver, Spleen, Gill and Muscle Tissues of Tilapia nilotica (L.). Biyokim. Derg. 1990; XV, 3, 13 – 22.
31. Cicik, B., Erdem, C.: Tilapia nilotica’da Bakırın Karaciğer ve Kas Dokularındaki Nicel Protein derişimlerine Etkileri. Biyokim. Derg., 1992; XVII(1): 51 – 64.
32. Erdem, C., Kargın, F.: Cyprinus carpio ile Tilapia nilotica’nın Karaciğer, Dalak, Barsak, Solungaç ve kas dokularındaki Bakır Birikiminin Karşılaştırmalı olarak Araştırılması. Biyokim. Derg., 1992; XVII(1): 13 – 27.
33. Collvin, L.: Uptake of Copper in the Gills and Liver of Perch, Perca fluvitalis. Ecol. Bull., 1984; 36, 57 – 61.
34. Part, P., Lock, R.A.: Diffusion of Calcium, Cadmium and Mercury in a Mucous Solution from Rainbow Trout. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1983; 76C(2): 259 – 263.
35. Olsson, P. E., Haux, C.: Increased Hepatic Metallothionein Content Correlate to Cadmium Accumulation in Environmentally Exposed Perch (Perca fluvitalis). Aqua. Toxicol., 1986; 9, 231 – 242.
36. Kalay, M., Erdem, C.: Bakırın Tilapia nilotica’da Karaciğer, Böbrek, Solungaç, Kas, Beyin ve Kan Dokularındaki Birikimi ile Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri. Tr. J. Zool., 1995; 19, 27 – 33.
37. Kargın, F.: Seasonal Changes in Levels of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Mullus barbatus and Sparus aurata collected from İskenderun Gulf (Turkey). Water, Air Soil Pollut., 1996; 90: 557 – 562.
38. Schulz – Baldes, M.: Lead Uptake from the Sea Water and Food, and Lead Loss in the Common Mussel Mytilus edulis. Marine Biol., 1974; 25, 177 – 193.
39. Simons, T.T.B., Pocock, G.: Lead Enters Bovine Adrenal Medullary Cells Through Calcium Channels. J. Neurochem., 1987; 48, 383 – 389.
40. Pain, D.J., Rattner, B.A.: Mortality and Hematology Associated with the Ingestion of One Number Four Lead Shot in Black Ducks, Anas rubripes. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1988; 40: 159- 164.