Covid-19 in a patient with Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in children

Background. Based on the information obtained so far, COVID- 19 is relatively mild in children. We will present a 6-month-old male patient infected with COVID -19 in April 2020, while receiving HLH 2004 chemotherapy protocol with the diagnosis of familial (Genetic / Primary) Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Case. Herein we present a case accompanied by a defective perforin gene defect in the primary HLH pathogenesis, Covid-19 infection with the presence of fever and hyperferritinemia, which was evaluated in favor of reactivation and the patient was given both the HLH-2004 chemotherapy protocol treatment and COVID -19 therapy as recommended by the guidelines. Our patient improved clinically and in terms of laboratory test results at the end of the 15th day of hospitalization and was discharged. Conclusions. It should be remembered that COVID-19 can be seen with different clinical manifestations in the pediatric age group, and COVID-19 tests should be recommended, especially in children with immunosuppression and fever

___

1. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Available at: https:// w w w . w h o . i n t / e m e r g e n c i e s / d i s e a s e s / n o ve l - coronavirus-2019 (Accessed on May 2, 2020).

2. Tezer H, Bedir Demirdağ T. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50(SI-1): 592-603. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag- 2004-174

3. Sullivan M, Bouffet E, Rodriguez-Galindo C, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid global response for children with cancer from SIOP, COG, SIOP-E, SIOP-PODC, IPSO, PROS, CCI, and St Jude Global. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67: e28409. https://doi. org/10.1002/pbc.28409

4. Janka GE. Familial and acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Annu Rev Med 2012; 63: 233-246. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev- med-041610-134208

5. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al; China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 727-733. https:// doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017

6. Tian S, Hu W, Niu L, Liu H, Xu H, Xiao SY. Pulmonary pathology of early-phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15: 700-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2020.02.010

7. Ueda I, Morimoto A, Inaba T, et al. Characteristic perforin gene mutations of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patients in Japan. Br J Haematol 2003; 121: 503-510. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365- 2141.2003.0429.x

8. Filipovich AH, Chandrakasan S. Pathogenesis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2015; 29: 895-902. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.hoc.2015.06.007

9. Bode SF, Ammann S, Al-Herz W, et al; Inborn Errors Working Party of the EBMT. The syndrome of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in primary immunodeficiencies: implications for differential diagnosis and pathogenesis. Haematologica 2015; 100: 978-988. https://doi.org/10.3324/ haematol.2014.121608

10. Fox SE, Akmatbekov A, Harbert JL, et al. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8: 681-686. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30243-5

11. Tian S, Hu W, Niu L, Liu H, Xu H, Xiao SY. Pulmonary pathology of early-phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15: 700-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2020.02.010

12. McGonagle D, Sharif K, O’Regan A, Bridgewood C. The role of cytokines including interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome-like disease. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19: 102537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. autrev.2020.102537

13. Chen ZM, Fu JF, Shu Q, et al. Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus. World J Pediatr 2020; 16: 240-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12519-020-00345-5

14. Henry BM, Lippi G, Plebani M. Laboratory abnormalities in children with novel coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58: 1135- 1138. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2020-0272

15. McGonagle D, Sharif K, O’Regan A, Bridgewood C. The role of cytokines including interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome-like disease. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19: 102537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. autrev.2020.102537

16. World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance. Available at: https://apps.who.int/ iris/handle/10665/330893 (Accessed on January 28, 2020.)

17. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberi. Bilim Kurulu Çalışması. Ankara, 13 Nisan 2020. Available at: https://www.teb.org.tr/versions_ latest/1240/13nisansbrehberi (Accessed on April 13, 2020
Turkish Journal of Pediatrics-Cover
  • ISSN: 0041-4301
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1958
  • Yayıncı: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Çocuk Sağlığı Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Thiol / disulfide balance and oxidative stress parameters in pediatric patients diagnosed with acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Yeter DÜZENLİ KAR, Zeynep Canan ÖZDEMİR, Özcan BÖR

Predictive factors of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy failure in children with respiratory distress treated in a Pediatric Emergency Department

Orkun AYDIN, Elif Arslanoğlu AYDIN, Ahmet Zİya BİRBİLEN, Özlem TEKŞAM

Short and long term side effect of colistin treatment in preterm infants

Sadık YURTTUTAN, Burcu Cantay ATALAY

Could plasma based therapies still be considered in selected cases with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome?

Sare Gülfem ÖZLÜ, Bora GÜLHAN, Özlem AYDOĞ, Emine ATAYAR, Ali DELİBAŞ, Gönül PARMAKSIZ, Elif Bahat ÖZDOĞAN, Elif ÇOMAK, Mehmet TAŞDEMİR, Banu ACAR, Zeynep Birsin ÖZÇAKAR, Rezan TOPALOĞLU, Oğuz SÖYLEMEZOĞLU, Fatih ÖZALTIN

Tuberculosis risk in the biologic era: tuberculin skin test conversion rates in children with rheumatologic diseases

Canan ÖZLÜ, Serkan TÜRKUÇAR, Hatice KARAOĞLU ASRAK, Hatice Adıgüzel DÜNDAR, Şevket Erbil ÜNSAL, Nurşen BELET

Clinical follow-up of children with high vitamin B12 values: should we worry?

Davut ALBAYRAK, Canan ALBAYRAK

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation complicated with EBV associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a patient with DOCK2 deficiency

Elif Soyak AYTEKİN, Deniz ÇAĞDAŞ, Çağman TAN, Büşranur ÇAVDARLI, Işıl BİLGİÇ, İlhan TEZCAN

Primary spinal multifocal intradural-extramedullary Ewing sarcoma in children: presentation of a case and review of the literature

Eren MÜNGEN, Nilgün KURUCU, Tezer KUTLUK, Kader K. OĞUZ, Figen SÖYLEMEZOĞLU, Bilgehan YALÇIN

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency as a polyneuropathy etiology in childhood

Özlem Ünal UZUN, Büşra ÇAVDARLI, Selen KARALÖK

Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children: clinical presentation, locations, and acquired and inherited prothrombotic risk factors

Yeter Düzenli KAR, Zeynep Canan ÖZDEMİR, Kürşat Bora ÇARMAN, Coşkun YARAR, Neslihan TEKİN, Özcan BÖR