DTI-MRI findings in synthetic cannabinoid users

Background/aim: Synthetic cannabinoids SCs are full agonists of both cannabinoid receptors. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging MRI findings of SC users are mainly defined as diffusion restriction and T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. Diffusion tensor imaging DTI studies examining SC users have shown contradictory results. The aim of this study was to define white matter WM changes of SC users using DTI. Materials and methods: The study included 22 patients with a history of using SC for 5-37 months, and 22 healthy, age and sex- matched control subjects. A total of 41 diffusion gradient directions were used in the acquisition of diffusion imaging data. Fractional anisotropy FA and apparent diffusion coefficients ADC values were obtained. ROIs were placed on WM areas of normal appearance. Results: In the SC users, significantly lower FA values were determined in the left temporal lobe 216.2 ± 58.9 vs. 263 ± 27.4; P = 0.002 and right hippocampus 224.5 ± 61.5 vs. 255 ± 24.3; P = 0.040 . The ADC values of the hippocampus and temporal lobe were significantly higher than those of the control group on both the left and right sides. Conclusion: The SC use causes WM microstructural changes, especially in the hippocampus and temporal lobes. DTI is a useful tool to reveal WM changes in SC addicts and can be used earlier than conventional MRI.

___

  • 1. Barratt MJ, Cakic V, Lenton S. Patterns of synthetic cannabinoid use in Australia. Drug and Alcohol Review 2013; 32 (2): 141- 146. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00519.x
  • 2. Spaderna M, Addy PH, D’Souza DC. Spicing things up: synthetic cannabinoids. Psychopharmacology 2013; 228 (4): 525-540. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3188-4
  • 3. Wolff V, Lauer V, Rouyer O, Sellal F, Meyer N et al. Cannabis use, ischemic stroke, and multifocal intracranial vasoconstriction: a prospective study in 48 consecutive young patients. Stroke 2011; 42 (6): 1778-1780. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.610915
  • 4. Kak M, Mikhail F, Yano ST, Guan R, Lukas RV. Buzz juice: neurological sequelae of synthetic cannabinoids. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience: Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2017; 37: 43. doi: 10.1016/j. jocn.2016.10.046
  • 5. Zorlu N, Di Biase MA, Kalaycı ÇÇ, Zalesky A, Bağcı B et al. Abnormal white matter integrity in synthetic cannabinoid users. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 26 (11): 1818-1825. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.08.015
  • 6. Kubicki M, Westin CF, Maier SE, Mamata H, Frumin M et al. Diffusion tensor imaging and its application to neuropsychiatric disorders. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 2002; 10 (6): 324-336. doi: 10.1080/10673220216231
  • 7. Delisi LE, Bertisch HC, Szulc KU, Majcher M, Brown K et al. A preliminary DTI study showing no brain structural change associated with adolescent cannabis use. Harm Reduction Journal 2006; 3: 17. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-3-17
  • 8. Filbey FM, Aslan S, Calhoun VD, Spence JS, Damaraju E et al. Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2014; 111 (47): 16913-16918. doi: 10.1073/ pnas.1415297111
  • 9. Gruber SA, Dahlgren MK, Sagar KA, Gonenc A, Lukas SE. Worth the wait: effects of age of onset of marijuana use on white matter and impulsivity. Psychopharmacology 2014; 231 (8): 1455-1465. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3326-z
  • 10. Yucel M, Zalesky A, Takagi MJ, Bora E, Fornito A et al. Whitematter abnormalities in adolescents with long-term inhalant and cannabis use: a diffusion magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience: JPN 2010; 35 (6): 409-412. doi: 10.1503/jpn.090177
  • 11. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V et al. The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2005; 53 (4): 695-699. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
  • 12. Geibprasert S, Gallucci M, Krings T. Addictive illegal drugs: structural neuroimaging. AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology 2010; 31 (5): 803-808. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1811
  • 13. Gurdal F, Asirdizer M, Aker RG, Korkut S, Gocer Y, Kucukibrahimoglu EE et al. Review of detection frequency and type of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal compounds analyzed by Istanbul Narcotic Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Turkey. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 2013; 20 (6): 667-672. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.03.041
  • 14. Seely KA, Lapoint J, Moran JH, Fattore L. Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: a review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids. Progress in NeuroPsychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2012; 39 (2): 234-243. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.04.017
  • 15. Wolff V, Schlagowski AI, Rouyer O, Charles AL, Singh F et al. Tetrahydrocannabinol induces brain mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction and increases oxidative stress: a potential mechanism involved in cannabis-related stroke. BioMed Research International 2015; 2015: 323706. doi: 10.1155/2015/323706
  • 16. Grigorenko E, Kittler J, Clayton C, Wallace D, Zhuang Set al. Assessment of cannabinoid induced gene changes: tolerance and neuroprotection. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 2002; 121 (1-2): 257-266. doi: 10.1016/S0009-3084(02)00161-5
  • 17. Dalton VS, Zavitsanou K. Cannabinoid effects on CB1 receptor density in the adolescent brain: an autoradiographic study using the synthetic cannabinoid HU210. Synapse 2010; 64 (11): 845-854. doi: 10.1002/syn.20801
  • 18. Molina-Holgado E, Vela JM, Arevalo-Martin A, Almazan G, Molina-Holgado F et al. Cannabinoids promote oligodendrocyte progenitor survival: involvement of cannabinoid receptors and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt signaling. The Journal of Neuroscience: the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2002; 22 (22): 9742-9753. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-22-09742.2002
  • 19. Epstein KA, Cullen KR, Mueller BA, Robinson P, Lee S et al. White matter abnormalities and cognitive impairment in early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2014; 53 (3): 362-372 e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.007
  • 20. Epstein KA, Kumra S. White matter fractional anisotropy over two time points in early onset schizophrenia and adolescent cannabis use disorder: a naturalistic diffusion tensor imaging study. Psychiatry Research 2015; 232 (1): 34-41. doi: 10.1016/j. pscychresns.2014.10.010
  • 21. Howlett AC, Barth F, Bonner TI, Cabral G, Casellas P et al. International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of cannabinoid receptors. Pharmacological Reviews 2002; 54 (2): 161-202. doi: 10.1124/pr.54.2.161
  • 22. Lebel C, Caverhill-Godkewitsch S, Beaulieu C. Age-related regional variations of the corpus callosum identified by diffusion tensor tractography. Neuro Image 2010; 52 (1): 20- 31. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.072
  • 23. Engelter ST, Provenzale JM, Petrella JR, DeLong DM, MacFall JR. The effect of aging on the apparent diffusion coefficient of normal-appearing white matter. AJR American Journal of Roentgenology 2000; 175 (2): 425-430. doi: 10.2214/ ajr.175.2.1750425
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-0144
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Which Bayley-III cut-off values should be used in different developmental levels?

Halil İbrahim YAKUT, Pelin ÇELİK, İclal AYRANCI SUCAKLI

Hatice Esra AĞEL, Hasan SAĞCAN, İsmail CEYHAN, Rıza DURMAZ

Evaluation of the effect of percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty on left ventricular systolic functions using strain and strain rate echocardiography

Hasan AKKAYA, Ertuğrul Emre GÜNTÜRK, Oğuzhan BARAN, Özcan ÖRSÇELİK

The effect of iatrogenic subclinical hyperthyroidism on anxiety, depression and quality of life in differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Cüneyd ANIL, Nazlı GÜLSOY KIRNAP, Özlem TURHAN İYİDİR, Yusuf BOZKUŞ, Şerife Mehlika IŞILDAK, Sevde Nur FIRAT, Canan DEMİR, Aslı NAR, Neslihan BAŞÇIL TÜTÜNCÜ

Opium and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: a case-control study

Reza VAZIRINEJAD, Roya NAJAFIPOUR, Mohsen REZAEIAN, Alireza GHAZIZADEH, Fateme DOUST MOHAMMADI

Spectrum of germline cancer susceptibility gene mutations in Turkish colorectal cancer patients: a single center study

Haktan Bağış ERDEM

Fatma BİLGEN, Alper URAL, Mehmet BEKERECİOĞLU

Prospective evaluation of vascular changes in acute respiratory infections in children with cystic fibrosis

Seçil CONKAR, Gökçen KARTAL ÖZTÜRK, Aykut EŞKİ, Figen ÇELEBİ ÇELİK, Figen GÜLEN, Esen DEMİR, Ahmet KESKİNOĞLU

The effect of rituximab on encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis in an experimental rat model

Süleyman KARAKÖSE, Ayşe Zeynep BAL, Eylem Pınar ESER, Murat DURANAY

Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Doloplus-2 (P-Doloplus-2) scale in elderly with dementia

Mohammad ZARE, Zahra TAGHARROBI, Khadijeh SHARIFI, Zahra SOOKI, Javad ABOLHASANI