Background/aim: In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) with respect to the incidence of symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) and evaluated the development of renal scarring in patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). Materials and methods: A total of 22 patients were included in the study. The patients were administered ABP in the first year (the ABP-received period) but not in the second year (the ABP-discontinued period). Results: Twenty-eight of all cultures taken in the ABP-received period (18.2%) and 25 (16.2%) of the ABP-discontinued cultures were considered to be indicative of symptomatic UTIs (P = 0.65). The multiple antibiotic resistance rate of microorganisms in cultures taken during the ABP-discontinued period (47; 30.5%) was lower than that in those taken in the ABP-received period (62; 40.3%), (P = 0.07). There was no difference between the ABP-received and ABP-discontinued periods with respect to the development of new lesions according to dimercaptosuccinic acid results (P = 0.14). Conclusion: Routine ABP usage is not protective against the development of symptomatic UTIs and new lesions in neurogenic bladder patients receiving CIC. Furthermore, the growth of resistant microorganisms increased in the ABP-received period.